“…4). The many pumping methods used for obtaining CW and pulsed SE generation in Nd 3+ -doped crystals [103] in particular include different types of Xe, Kr, Hg, and W lamp pumping sources [93,112,113], solar [114] and pyrochemical [115] excitation without electric energy consumption, LED [116], OPO [702], and LD [117] pumping, as well as by using electron beam [118] and X-ray [119] sources. As is shown in Sect.…”