High precision measurement of reversible swelling and electrochemical performance of flexibly compressed 5 Ah NMC622/graphite lithium-ion pouch cells

Aufschläger, A.; Kücher, Simon; Kraft, Ludwig; Spingler, Franz B.; Niehoff, Philip; Jossen, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.106483

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Since this separator is very thin compared to the diameter of the GWREs and possible influences could not be excluded, a second variant (S2) with two layers of glass fiber separator (Grade 691, VWR, Germany) with an uncompressed thickness of ≈265 μm and a porosity of 90% 44 was used. At an applied pressure of 2 bar, measurements with a test bench developed in other research by our group 45 indicated a thickness of ≈194 μm, resulting in a calculated porosity of 86.4%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Multi-Reference Electrode Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell Design for Spatially Resolved Half-Cell Potential and Impedance Measurements

Oehler,

Graule,

Kücher

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Reliable experimental methods for measuring local potentials in lithium-ion battery cells are challenging but vital for a deep understanding of internal processes at the individual electrode level, and to parameterize and validate electrochemical models. Different three-electrode setups and reference electrodes (REs) have been developed in recent years. Some are based on custom laboratory setups or are small, e.g., coin cell sized. This work addresses internal potentials and half-cell impedances in the widely used single-layer pouch cell format and proposes a novel multi-reference electrode cell design, enabling spatially resolved measurements. For the first time, it is shown how multiple 25 and 50 μm thin gold wire REs, together with a larger LTO-RE, can be used to study occurring inhomogeneities, considering the geometrical anode overhang. Special attention is given to the subtleties of the measurements and their interpretation. Multiple REs allow plausibility checks and confirm stability for both types during a continuous measurement period of more than 7,500 h (>10 months), demonstrating suitability, e.g., for long-term cycling measurements. Results from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and half-cell potential measurements at low currents of C/100 and during fast charging at up to 3C highlight the versatility of the easily reproducible cell design.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Multi-Reference Electrode Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell Design for Spatially Resolved Half-Cell Potential and Impedance Measurements

Oehler,

Graule,

Kücher

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

Self Cite

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“…The test starts at 100% SOC, which is the fully charged state, and repeatedly discharges by 10% SOC, with termination after execution of the final profile at 10% SOC completion. The lumped resistance is calculated by Ohm’s law from the measured DCIR values according to eq D C I R = false( U 1 − U 2 false) I D C …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lumped resistance is calculated by Ohm's law from the measured DCIR values according to eq 5. 88 = U U I DCIR ( )…”

Section: Resistance and Ionic Conductivity According To Interfacial D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the Relationship between Quality Control of the Coating Layer and Suppression of Gas Evolution in Li-Ion Batteries

Lee,

Park,

Park

2023

Chem. Mater.

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The difference in homogeneity and uniformity of the coating layer based on the melting point of the coating material using mechanofusion (MF) was investigated for the overall electrochemical performance improvement as well as structural stability and safety against hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas formation. Depending on the high temperature (650−1250 °C) generated by the mechanical energy of MF, a low-melting-point coating material (LMPM) forms a uniform and homogeneous coating layer, whereas a high-melting-point coating material (HMPM) forms an island-type coating. Representative candidates for the HMPM and LMPM are ZrO 2 and Co 3 O 4 , which have melting points of 2715 and 896 °C, respectively. The capacity retention of the LMPM after 100 cycles in the coin cell increased by 20% over that of the pristine material. Structural stability and resistance changes due to the coating layer according to the melting point of the material and direct current internal resistance (DCIR) of the pouch cell were confirmed. Moreover, capacity retention of the LMPM at the pouch cell increased by more than 40% compared to that of the pristine material and showed a low resistance increase rate after cycling through the DCIR. Safety against HF was also confirmed through artificial H 2 O injection experiments and gas component analyses.

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“…Faraday's constant, 96487 C mol − Lithium-ion batteries are used in a variety of consumer applications, including portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, but their performance can be impacted by volume changes in the active material that are tied to the utilization of the battery cells, [1][2][3][4][5] whether during charging and discharging, or when exposed to adverse environmental conditions. While this phenomena may have been able to be ignored previously, with the advent of battery pack designs that are moving towards a significant energy density, as well as the onset of silicon containing materials in battery anodes and their associated volume change, quantifying the impact of lithiation induced volume change becomes critical, especially when using model based electrochemical design approaches [35][36][37] to drive cell and system level designs for consumer electronics and electric vehicles. In previous work, 26,34,35,[38][39][40][41][42][43] we consider the impact of reversible volume change on battery cell performance and link to system level integration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the more common methods include: dial indicators, [66][67][68][69][70][71][72] load cells, [73][74][75] internal optical fiber, [76][77][78] strain gauges, 44 and digital displacement transducers. 36,37 For this work, we employed a digital displacement transducer due to the long duration aging tests utilized, rather than using our computer actuated press as reported in previous studies. The design used in this study can be seen in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Aging-Induced Irreversible Volume Change of Porous Electrodes

Garrick,

Miao,

Macciomei

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Automotive manufacturers are working to improve cell and pack design by increasing their performance, durability, and range. One of the critical factors to consider as the industry moves towards materials with higher energy density is the ability to consider the irreversible volume change characteristic of the accelerated SEI layer growth tied to the large volume change and particle cracking typically associated with active material strain. As the time from initial design to manufacture of electric vehicle is decreased in order to rapidly respond to consumer demands and widespread adoption of electric vehicles, the ability to link aging and volume change to end of life vehicle requirements using virtual tools is critical. In this study, apply a mechano-electrochemical model to determine the irreversible volume change at the electrode and cell level, allowing for virtual design iterations to predict the volume change at battery cell aged states.

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High precision measurement of reversible swelling and electrochemical performance of flexibly compressed 5 Ah NMC622/graphite lithium-ion pouch cells

Cited by 19 publications

References 57 publications

Multi-Reference Electrode Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell Design for Spatially Resolved Half-Cell Potential and Impedance Measurements

Multi-Reference Electrode Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell Design for Spatially Resolved Half-Cell Potential and Impedance Measurements

Elucidating the Relationship between Quality Control of the Coating Layer and Suppression of Gas Evolution in Li-Ion Batteries

Quantifying Aging-Induced Irreversible Volume Change of Porous Electrodes

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