High precision meteor observations with the Canadian automated meteor observatory: Data reduction pipeline and application to meteoroid mechanical strength measurements

Vida, Denis; Brown, Peter; Campbell-Brown, M.; Weryk, Robert; Stober, Gunter; McCormack, J. P.

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2020.114097

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…We also dropped meteor signals that did not follow the classical morphology indicating fragmentation, which is often also related to missing Fresnel oscillations, though we did not use the presence or absence of Fresnel oscillations in the amplitude profile as criteria for inclusion. Optical observations have indicated that about 90% of all meteors show signs of different types of fragmentation down to millimeter-sizes (Subasinghe et al 2016;Vida et al 2021), and since these measurements overlap in size with our measurements, we suspect fragmentation is the main filter in our selection. As a result, our methodology should be viewed as heavily biased toward echoes exhibiting the simplest behavior and not necessarily representative of the population as a whole.…”

Section: Data Collection Selection and Analysissupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Previous studies with the NAVy Global Environment Model -High Altitude (NAVGEM-HA; Eckermann et al 2018) on atmospheric winds showed a remarkable agreement on short timescales with meteor radar observations (McCormack et al 2017;Stober et al 2020). Based on this meteorological analysis, Vida et al (2021) estimated the atmospheric induced neutral air density variability to be on the order of 20-30% at mesospheric and lower thermospheric altitudes.…”

Section: Radial Electron Profilessupporting

confidence: 55%

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Triple-frequency meteor radar full wave scattering

Stober

Brown

Campbell-Brown

et al. 2021

A&A

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Context. Radar scattering from meteor trails depends on several poorly constrained quantities, such as electron line density, q, initial trail radius, r0, and ambipolar diffusion coefficient, D. Aims. The goal is to apply a numerical model of full wave backscatter to triple frequency echo measurements to validate theory and constrain estimates of electron radial distribution, initial trail radius, and the ambipolar diffusion coefficient. Methods. A selection of 50 transversely polarized and 50 parallel polarized echoes with complete trajectory information were identified from simultaneous tri-frequency echoes recorded by the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar. The amplitude-time profile of each echo was fit to our model using three different choices for the radial electron distribution assuming a Gaussian, parabolic-exponential, and 1-by-r2 electron line density model. The observations were manually fit by varying, q, r0, and D per model until all three synthetic echo-amplitude profiles at each frequency matched observation. Results. The Gaussian radial electron distribution was the most successful at fitting echo power profiles, followed by the 1∕r2. We were unable to fit any echoes using a profile where electron density varied from the trail axis as an exponential-parabolic distribution. While fewer than 5% of all examined echoes had self-consistent fits, the estimates of r0 and D as a function of height obtained were broadly similar to earlier studies, though with considerable scatter. Most meteor echoes are found to not be described well by the idealized full wave scattering model.

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Section: Data Collection Selection and Analysissupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Radial Electron Profilessupporting

confidence: 55%

Triple-frequency meteor radar full wave scattering

Stober

Brown

Campbell-Brown

et al. 2021

A&A

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“…To separate out shower meteors from sporadics, a radiant position and velocity association is performed as described in Vida et al (2021), such that a shower meteor must be within a 3 degree radiant distance and have relative velocity within 10 percent, when performing a search through a shower table. Otherwise the meteor is declared a sporadic.…”

Section: Preliminary Results In Processing Actual Imagerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Very Faint Meteor Detection System based on an EMCCD Sensor and Matched Filter Processing

Gural,

Mills,

Mazur

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The mass ranges of meteors, imaged by electro-optical (EO) cameras and backscatter radar receivers, for the most part do not overlap. Typical EO systems detect meteoroid masses down to 10 −5 kg or roughly magnitude +2 meteors when using moderate field of view optics, unintensified optical components, and meteor entry velocities around 45 km/sec. This is near the high end of the mass range of typical meteor radar observations. Having the same mass meteor measured by different sensor wavelength bands would be a benefit in terms of calibrating mass estimations for both EO and radar. To that end, the University of Western Ontario (UWO) has acquired and deployed a very low light imaging system based on an electron-multiplying CCD camera technology. This embeds a very low noise, per pixel intensifier chip in a cooled camera setup with various options for frame rate, region of interest and binning. The EO system of optics and sensor was optimally configured to collect 32 frames per second in a square field of view 14.7 degrees on a side, achieving a single-frame stellar limiting magnitude of m G = +10.5. The system typically observes meteors of +6.5. Given this hardware configuration, we successfully met the challenges associated with the

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“…New imaging techniques have been applied and are available to the study of meteor magnitude distributions that can provide direct reliable information on the mass distribution, and physical properties of cometary meteoroids (see e.g. Vida et al, 2021). Additionally, accurate multiple station observations of meteor storms and outbursts have been achieved and significant trajectory and orbital data can be deduced from them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rietmeijer, 1998Rietmeijer, , 2002. Meteor science can have an added value when discussing the physical processes that these fluffy particles undergo in the interplanetary medium and when penetrating the terrestrial atmosphere (Vida et al, 2021). Cometary particles are assumed to constitute a significant component of the IDP flux onto the Earth, although the precise fraction is unknown, and the identification difficult (Brownlee, 1985;Jeffers et al, 2001;Rietmeijer, 2002;Wooden, 2002;Koschny et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning about comets from the study of mass distributions and fluxes of meteoroid streams

Trigo-Rodríguez

Blum

2021

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Meteor physics can provide new clues about the size, structure, and density of cometary disintegration products, establishing a bridge between different research fields. From meteor magnitude data we have estimated the mass distribution of meteoroids from different cometary streams by using the relation between the luminosity and the mass obtained by Verniani (1973). These mass distributions are in the range observed for dust particles released from comets 1P/Halley and 81P/Wild 2 as measured from spacecraft. From the derived mass distributions, we have integrated the incoming mass for the most significant meteor showers. By comparing the mass of the collected Interplanetary Dust Particles (IDPs) with that derived for cometary meteoroids a gap of several orders of magnitude is encountered. The largest examples of fluffy particles are clusters of IDPs no larger than 100 µm in size (or 5×10 -7 g in mass) while the largest cometary meteoroids are centimeter-sized objects. Such gaps can be explained by the fragmentation in the interstellar medium or in the atmosphere of the original cometary particles. As an application of the mass distribution computations we describe the significance of the disruption of fragile comets in close approaches to Earth as a more efficient (and probably more frequent) way to deliver volatiles than direct impacts. We finally apply our model to quantify the flux of meteoroids from different meteoroid streams, and to describe the main physical processes contributing to the progressive decay of cometary meteoroids in the interplanetary medium.

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High precision meteor observations with the Canadian automated meteor observatory: Data reduction pipeline and application to meteoroid mechanical strength measurements

Cited by 28 publications

References 74 publications

Triple-frequency meteor radar full wave scattering

Triple-frequency meteor radar full wave scattering

Development of a Very Faint Meteor Detection System based on an EMCCD Sensor and Matched Filter Processing

Learning about comets from the study of mass distributions and fluxes of meteoroid streams

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