High Precision Radiosurgery and Technical Standards

Scheib, Stefan; Gianolini, Stefano; Lomax, N.; Mack, Andreas

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-0583-2_2

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The point-spread-function for MRI is known to be precise and equivalent to the programmed pixel size [51]. In practice, the geometric accuracy is known to be sub-millimeter [52]. The vessel networks in each image are clearly visible due to the sharp image contrast provided by the presence of the contrast agent, which makes the blood appear bright relative to dark non-blood tissues.…”

Section: Image Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Foundations of Biological Scaling Theory Using Automated Measurements of Vascular Networks

2015

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Scientists have long sought to understand how vascular networks supply blood and oxygen to cells throughout the body. Recent work focuses on principles that constrain how vessel size changes through branching generations from the aorta to capillaries and uses scaling exponents to quantify these changes. Prominent scaling theories predict that combinations of these exponents explain how metabolic, growth, and other biological rates vary with body size. Nevertheless, direct measurements of individual vessel segments have been limited because existing techniques for measuring vasculature are invasive, time consuming, and technically difficult. We developed software that extracts the length, radius, and connectivity of in vivo vessels from contrast-enhanced 3D Magnetic Resonance Angiography. Using data from 20 human subjects, we calculated scaling exponents by four methods—two derived from local properties of branching junctions and two from whole-network properties. Although these methods are often used interchangeably in the literature, we do not find general agreement between these methods, particularly for vessel lengths. Measurements for length of vessels also diverge from theoretical values, but those for radius show stronger agreement. Our results demonstrate that vascular network models cannot ignore certain complexities of real vascular systems and indicate the need to discover new principles regarding vessel lengths.

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Section: Image Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Foundations of Biological Scaling Theory Using Automated Measurements of Vascular Networks

2015

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“…ed tomography (CT) is completely free of distortion [25][26][27][28] . Rigorous monitoring of the equipment is crucial 14 .…”

Section: Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ed tomography (CT) is completely free of distortion [25][26][27][28] . Rigorous monitoring of the equipment is crucial 14 . Biplane stereotactic conventional angiography, if necessary with correction of the geometric image distortion originating from the image intensifiers, is the "gold standard" in delineation of the niduses of BAVMs and DAVS.…”

Section: Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurovascular Radiosurgery

Söderman

Guo²,

Karlsson³

et al. 2006

Interv Neuroradiol

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This article focuses on the treatment of neurovascular diseases, in particular brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs), with radiosurgery. The target group for this review is physicians who manage patients with neurovascular diseases, but are not actively engaged in radiosurgery. Radiosurgery for BAVMs is an established treatment with clearly defined risks and benefits. The efficacy of radiosurgery for dural arteriovenous shunts (DAVSs) is probably similar but the treatment has not yet gained the same acceptance. Radiosurgical treatment of cavernomas (cavernous hemangiomas) remains controversial. Well founded predictive models for BAVM radiosurgery show: The probability of obliteration depends on the dose of radiation given to the periphery of the BAVM. The risk of adverse radiation effects depends on the total dose of radiation, i.e. the amount of energy imparted into the tissue. The risk is greater in centrally located lesions. The risk of damage to brainstem nucleii and cranial nerves must be added to the risk predicted from current outcome models. The risk of hemorrhage during the time span before obliteration depends on the BAVM volume, the dose of radiation to the periphery of the lesion and the age of the patient. Central location is a probably also a risk factor.

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“…Regarding the accuracy of the device, it must be accurate and precise within an error range of less than 1.0 mm. 6,12,16) Because the mechanical accuracy of a Gamma Knife is usually less than 0.5 mm, the mechanical accuracy of the fixation device was required to be less than 0.5 mm. Design, test output, and real application data of the stereotactic device are given in this article.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%