High precision solutions to quantized vortices within Gross–Pitaevskii equation

Abstract

The dynamics of vortices in Bose-Einstein condensates of dilute cold atoms can be well formulated by Gross-Pitaevskii equation. To better understand the properties of vortices, a systematic method to solve the nonlinear differential equation for the vortex to a very high precision is proposed. Through two-point Padé approximants, these solutions are presented in terms of simple rational functions, which can be used in the simulation of vortex dynamics. The precision of the solutions is sensitive to the connecting parameter and the truncation orders. It can be improved significantly with a reasonable extension in the order of rational functions. The errors of the solutions and the limitation of two-point Padé approximants are discussed. This investigation may shed light on the exact solution to the nonlinear vortex equation.