High-Pressure and Automatized System for Study of Natural Gas Hydrates

Abstract

Due to the declining of oil reserves in the world in the coming decades, gas hydrate (GH) is seen as the great promise to supply the planet’s energy demand. With this, the importance of studying the behavior of GH, several researchers have been developing different systems that allow greater truthfulness in relation to the conditions where GH is found in nature. This work describes a new system to simulate formation (precipitation) and dissociation of GH primarily at natural conditions at deep-sea, lakes, and permafrost, but also applied for artificial gas hydrates studies (pipelines, and transport of hydrocarbons, CO2, and hydrogen). This system is fully automated and unique, allowing the simultaneous work in two independent reactors, built in Hastelloy C-22, with a capacity of 1 L and 10 L, facilitating rapid analyses when compared to higher-volume systems. The system can operate using different mixtures of gases (methane, ethane, propane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, ammonia), high pressure (up to 200 bar) with high operating safety, temperature (−30 to 200 °C), pH controllers, stirring system, water and gas samplers, and hyphenated system with gas chromatograph (GC) to analyze the composition of the gases formed in the GH and was projected to possibility the visualizations of experiments (quartz windows).

Analysis of the Effect of Organic Salts Derived from l-Phenylalanine Amino Acid as Kinetic Promoters/Inhibitors of CO2 Hydrates

“…All experiments were conducted in a batch reactor (1000 mL) under isochoric condition. ,− The synthesis of CO 2 hydrates followed the same experimental conditions presented in previous work, which are summarized in Table . First, experiments for the formation of CO 2 hydrates were carried out to demonstrate the stability of the system, as well as to be a parameter in comparison to others experiments that use compounds 1 , 2 , and 3 .…”

pH Effect of Natural Gas Hydrate on X80 Steel Solid—Liquid Phase Scouring Corrosion

“…NGH is an ice-like solid compound that is formed (or can be formed) naturally from small gas molecules such as CO 2 and H 2 S and water molecules under certain pressure and temperature conditions. , The composition of NGH in the seabed and tundra is very complex . As shown in Figure , hydrates in the tundra often contain CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 8 , CO 2 , and n -C 4 H 10 , among which the content of C 3 H 6 and C 3 H 8 is as high as 21%.…”

Controlled Production of Natural Gas Hydrates in an Experimental Device with an Internal Circulation Circuit

“…A study of hydrate formation based on injecting precise amounts of methane into ionized water was undertaken by the Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources [16]. The experiments were carried out in a reactor under isochoric conditions, where water of known volume was added to the reactor and then the air contained inside the reactor was removed.…”

“…The experiment lasted from 13 to 22 h, during which time a pressure drop was recorded with temperature changes. Hydrate formation was considered successful, but the use of the whole system was discouraged by the excessively long hydrate formation time, which was in the order of hours [16].…”