“…Cotton is an important economic crop in China which has output accounting for 25% of the total world’s cotton production 1 . The cultivation of cotton results in the wastes of cotton stalk (CS) amounting 40 million tons annually 2 . The large amount of CS is used as fuel for cooking and has adverse environmental impacts such as air pollutants emission in rural China.…”
China produces large amount of cotton stalk (CS) residues as agricultural biomass, which are incinerated on-site, causing air pollution. The high organic content of CS could be utilized for biogas production, but the direct digestion without pretreatment always leads to a low methane yield and biodegradability, due to the complicated structure of lignocellulose. In order to search best fitting pretreatment methods in effective anaerobic digestion (AD) of CS, effects of various pretreatments including KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)2, alkali hydrogen peroxide (AHP), H2SO4, H3PO4 and steam explosion (SE) were studied. It was seen that all treatments resulted in varying methane yields. Among all the pretreatments, acid pretreatment is not suitable for AD of CS. The results showed that the highest cumulative methane yield (CMY) of 192.4 mL·gVS−1 was obtained after 3% AHP pretreatment of CS, and the methane yield improved by 254.3% than the untreated CS. Therefore, AHP treatment was proven to be an efficient pretreatment technique. XRD and FTIR analyses had shown that pretreated CS had favorable structural changes. This research is beneficial in developing environment friendly and cost-effective pretreatment technologies to utilize CS for methane production in future application.
“…Cotton is an important economic crop in China which has output accounting for 25% of the total world’s cotton production 1 . The cultivation of cotton results in the wastes of cotton stalk (CS) amounting 40 million tons annually 2 . The large amount of CS is used as fuel for cooking and has adverse environmental impacts such as air pollutants emission in rural China.…”
China produces large amount of cotton stalk (CS) residues as agricultural biomass, which are incinerated on-site, causing air pollution. The high organic content of CS could be utilized for biogas production, but the direct digestion without pretreatment always leads to a low methane yield and biodegradability, due to the complicated structure of lignocellulose. In order to search best fitting pretreatment methods in effective anaerobic digestion (AD) of CS, effects of various pretreatments including KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)2, alkali hydrogen peroxide (AHP), H2SO4, H3PO4 and steam explosion (SE) were studied. It was seen that all treatments resulted in varying methane yields. Among all the pretreatments, acid pretreatment is not suitable for AD of CS. The results showed that the highest cumulative methane yield (CMY) of 192.4 mL·gVS−1 was obtained after 3% AHP pretreatment of CS, and the methane yield improved by 254.3% than the untreated CS. Therefore, AHP treatment was proven to be an efficient pretreatment technique. XRD and FTIR analyses had shown that pretreated CS had favorable structural changes. This research is beneficial in developing environment friendly and cost-effective pretreatment technologies to utilize CS for methane production in future application.
“…Enzymes reacted with pectin on the fabric in the process of impregnation of fabrics in pectinase solution, so the catalytic rate can be improved by prolonging the contact time between enzyme and substrate. 23 Figure 3.Catalytic reaction rate of pectinase with different soaking times.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Enzymes reacted with pectin on the fabric in the process of impregnation of fabrics in pectinase solution, so the catalytic rate can be improved by prolonging the contact time between enzyme and substrate. 23 Catalytic reaction rate of pectinase at different pick-up Figure 4 shows the catalytic reaction rate curve of pectinase at different pick-up. The catalytic efficiency of pectinase is different at different pick-up conditions.…”
The application of bioscouring in cotton knitted fabrics should be improved owing to being a time-consuming process. In order to accelerate the bioscouring rate and shorten the bioscouring process, a repeated padding method is used on cotton knitted fabrics. The effect of the repeated padding with pectinase was studied by using FE-SEM and FTIR, and the catalytic rate was measured at different reaction temperatures, pick-up, and soaking times. The results observed in this study showed that during the bioscouring process for cotton knitted fabrics, the average catalytic rate of the repeatedly padding method was sixfold faster than the impregnation method, and the process time (15 min) decreased by 65 minutes compared with the impregnation method (80 min); the processing time was shortened to one-sixth of the impregnation method. Furthermore, the wettability of cotton knitted fabrics was better than those treated via impregnation. In the repeated padding process, with the soaking time increasing from 5 s to 25 s, the produced reducing sugar concentration increased from 1.71 mg/ml to 3.60 mg/ml in the same process time; with the pick-up increased from 50% to 90%, the produced reducing sugar concentration first increased from 1.99 mg/ml to 3.60 mg/ml, then decreased to 1.86 mg/ml. When the pick-up was about 70%, the catalytic rate of pectinase reached the best value (0.24 mg/ml/min).
“…Y ¼ À683:09 þ 9:03X 1 þ 24:33X 2 þ 11:20X 3 þ 62:04X 4 À 0:049X 2 1 þ 0:050X 1 X 2 þ 0:13X 1 X 3 À 0:24X 1 X 4 À 0:24X 2 2 À 0:92X 2 X 3 À 1:30X 2 X 4 À 0:27X 2 3 À 0:23X 3 X 4 À 0:82X 2 4 According to the previous methods for assessing the accuracy of statistical model (Fang et al, 2010;Du et al, 2013;Matsakas and Christakopoulos, 2013), this study indicated that the established model was significant effective and stable for predicting reducing sugar yield from straw degradation (P < 0.05).…”
Section: Response Surface Optimization Of Pretreatment Conditionsmentioning
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