High pressure–low flow remodeling of the rat saphenous vein wall

Hetthéssy, Judit; Tőkés, Anna Mária; Kérész, Sándor; Balla, Petra; Dörnyei, Gabriella; Monos, E.; Nádasy, György L.

doi:10.1177/0268355516688984

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Anti-eNOS [ 14 ] and anti-COX-2 [ 14 ] antibodies were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Anti-smooth muscle actin antibody (1A4) [ 15 ] and UltraView Universal DAB Detection Kit were obtained from Ventana Medical Systems, Inc. (Tucson, AZ, USA). Secondary antibodies and DAB Substrate Kit [ 14 ] were purchased from Vector Laboratories (Burlingame, CA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D deficiency causes inward hypertrophic remodeling and alters vascular reactivity of rat cerebral arterioles

et al. 2018

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Background and purposeVitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a global health problem, which can lead to several pathophysiological consequences including cardiovascular diseases. Its impact on the cerebrovascular system is not well understood. The goal of the present work was to examine the effects of VDD on the morphological, biomechanical and functional properties of cerebral arterioles.MethodsFour-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 11 per group) were either fed with vitamin D deficient diet or received conventional rat chow with per os vitamin D supplementation. Cardiovascular parameters and hormone levels (testosterone, androstenedione, progesterone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D) were measured during the study. After 8 weeks of treatment anterior cerebral artery segments were prepared and their morphological, biomechanical and functional properties were examined using pressure microangiometry. Resorcin-fuchsin and smooth muscle actin staining were used to detect elastic fiber density and smooth muscle cell counts in the vessel wall, respectively. Sections were immunostained for eNOS and COX-2 as well.ResultsVDD markedly increased the wall thickness, the wall-to-lumen ratio and the wall cross-sectional area of arterioles as well as the number of smooth muscle cells in the tunica media. As a consequence, tangential wall stress was significantly lower in the VDD group. In addition, VDD increased the myogenic as well as the uridine 5’-triphosphate-induced tone and impaired bradykinin-induced relaxation. Decreased eNOS and increased COX-2 expression were also observed in the endothelium of VDD animals.ConclusionsVDD causes inward hypertrophic remodeling due to vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and enhances the vessel tone probably because of increased vasoconstrictor prostanoid levels in young adult rats. In addition, the decreased eNOS expression results in endothelial dysfunction. These morphological and functional alterations can potentially compromise the cerebral circulation and lead to cerebrovascular disorders in VDD.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D deficiency causes inward hypertrophic remodeling and alters vascular reactivity of rat cerebral arterioles

et al. 2018

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“…The sections were photographed with an unaltered setting of a Zeiss Axiometer digital microscope using a × 20 objective (pixel sizes 0.27 μm). The resorcin-fuchsin-stained sections were analyzed by colorimetric techniques to evaluate the inner elastic membrane, as described previously [23]. RGB pictures at the 0-255 level were analyzed with Leica QWin software.…”

Section: Histology Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term exercise results in morphological and biomechanical changes in coronary resistance arterioles in male and female rats

et al. 2020

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Background: Biomechanical remodeling of coronary resistance arteries in physiological left ventricular hypertrophy has not yet been analyzed, and the possible sex differences are unknown. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into four groups: male and female sedentary controls (MSe and FSe) and male and female animals undergoing a 12-week intensive swim training program (MEx and FEx). On the last day, the in vitro contractility, endothelium-dependent dilatation, and biomechanical properties of the intramural coronary resistance arteries were investigated by pressure microarteriography. Elastica and collagen remodeling were studied in histological sections. Results: A similar outer radius and reduced inner radius resulted in an elevated wall to lumen ratio in the MEx and FEx animals compared to that in the sedentary controls. The wall elastic moduli increased in the MEx and FEx rats. Spontaneous and TxA 2 agonist-induced tone was increased in the FEx animals, whereas endothelium-dependent relaxation became more effective in MEx rats. Arteries of FEx rats had stronger contraction, while arteries of MEx animals had improved dilation. Conclusions: According to our results, the coronary arterioles adapted to an elevated load during long-term exercise, and this adaptation depended on sex. It is important to emphasize that in addition to differences, we also found many similarities between the sexes in the adaptive response to exercise. The observed sport adaptation in the coronary resistance arteries of rats may contribute to a better understanding of the physiological and pathological function of these arteries in active and retired athletes of different sexes.

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“…28 This is supported by the fact that high pressure should lead to an increase of Ki67 in the saphenous vein in a rat model. 15 Nevertheless, Filis et al did not find differences in respect of Ki67 between proximal and distal veins segments of varicose veins. However, there were no differences in respect of Ki67 positive cells at the SFJ in our data too.…”

Section: Ki67mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…14 Furthermore, high pressure should lead to a flow-induced wall remodeling in saphenous veins in rats with higher expression of Ki67, as a marker of cell division. 15 Undoubtedly, age has been described as an independent risk factor for higher stages of the disease. 16,17 Therefore, cellular senescence could be involved in the pathophysiology of chronic venous disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular senescence at the saphenofemoral junction in patients with healthy, primary varicose and recurrent varicose veins – A pilot study

et al. 2021

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Objectives Cellular senescence could play a role in the development of venous disease. Superficial venous reflux at the saphenofemoral junction is a common finding in patients with primary varicose veins. Furthermore, reflux in this essential area is associated with higher clinical stages of the disease and recurrent varicose veins. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to investigate cellular senescence in the immediate area of the saphenofemoral junction in patients with healthy veins, primary varicose veins and additionally in patients with recurrent varicose veins due to a left venous stump. Methods We analyzed vein specimens of the great saphenous vein immediately at the saphenofemoral junction. Healthy veins were collected from patients who underwent arterial bypass reconstructions. Samples with superficial venous reflux derived from patients who received high ligation and stripping or redo-surgery at the groin, respectively. Sections were stained for p53, p21, and p16 as markers for cellular senescence and Ki67 as a proliferation marker. Results A total of 30 samples were examined (10 healthy, 10 primary varicose, and 10 recurrent varicose veins). We detected 2.10% p53+ nuclei in the healthy vein group, 3.12% in the primary varicose vein group and 1.53% in the recurrent varicose vein group, respectively. These differences were statistically significant ( p = 0.021). In the healthy vein group, we found 0.43% p16+ nuclei. In the primary varicose vein group, we found 0.34% p16+ nuclei, and in the recurrent varicose vein group, we found 0.74% p16+ nuclei. At the p < 0.05 level, the three groups tended to be significant without reaching statistical significance ( p = 0.085). There was no difference in respect of p21 and Ki67. Conclusion We found significantly higher expression rates of p53 in primary varicose veins at the saphenofemoral junction than in healthy veins. p16 expression tended to be increased in the recurrent varicose vein group. These preliminary findings indicate that cellular senescence may have an impact in the development of varicose veins or recurrence. Further studies addressing this issue are necessary.

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High pressure–low flow remodeling of the rat saphenous vein wall

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Vitamin D deficiency causes inward hypertrophic remodeling and alters vascular reactivity of rat cerebral arterioles

Vitamin D deficiency causes inward hypertrophic remodeling and alters vascular reactivity of rat cerebral arterioles

Long-term exercise results in morphological and biomechanical changes in coronary resistance arterioles in male and female rats

Cellular senescence at the saphenofemoral junction in patients with healthy, primary varicose and recurrent varicose veins – A pilot study

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