High-pressure plasma spraying of hydroxyapatite powders

Tetracalcium phosphate: Synthesis, properties and biomedical applications

“…Even highly sophisticated plasma-spray methods using increased gas pressure or accelerated deposition processes were not able to avoid the formation of amorphous phases and other calcium phosphates, including TTCP [86,87]. Successful attempts to enhance both crystallinity and stability have been made using post-deposition heat treatments [88], where atmosphere turned out to be the most important process parameter besides temperature and time.…”

In vitro characterisation of plasma-sprayed apatite/wollastonite glass–ceramic biocoatings on titanium alloys

“…21,22 One of the most accepted and commercialised bioactive coating is the plasmasprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coating. [23][24][25][26][27][28] The advantages of the plasma-spray technique are the high deposition rate and the high bonding rate between the plasma-sprayed biocoatings and human tissues. The HA-coated implants still have some serious drawbacks resulting in significant challenges in their expanded utilisation.…”

Thermal and physical characterisation of apatite/wollastonite bioactive glass–ceramics

“…Among osteoconductive plasma-sprayed coatings that can be used in orthopaedic surgery, it is worth citing hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate and, more recently, bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics. HA plasma-sprayed coatings are widely used in biomedical applications, [14][15][16][17][18][19] while only a few studies concern plasmaspraying of glass-ceramics. The HA-coated implants still have some serious drawbacks resulting in significant challenges in their expanded utilisation.…”