High pressures at low temperatures

High-pressure crystallography

“…The main types of highpressure cells for neutrons are (i) gas-pressure cells, (ii) cylinder-and-piston cells, and (iii) opposed-anvils cells. In the gas pressure cell, the pressure is generated by a compressor outside the 'bomb' containing the sample and transmitted to it through a capillary (Paureau & Vettier, 1975); a pressure of about 0.5 GPa can be generated in these cells. The cylinderand-piston cells are bigger and usually driven by a hydraulic press (Mizuki & Endoh, 1981;McWhan, 1984), but a higher pressure of about 3 GPa can be obtained.…”

Powder neutron diffraction analysis of the hydrogen bonding in deutero-oxalic acid dihydrate at high pressures

“…The full deuterated sample had a volume of 1 cm 3. It was enclosed in a pressure cell made of high-strength aluminium alloy and hydrostatic pressures of up to 0.5 GPa could be obtained using He gas (Paureau & Vettier, 1975). Only a few lines from the cell were visible in the spectrum, so these parts of the spectrum were simply removed.…”

High pressure neutron and X-ray diffraction at low temperatures

“…There are several existing papers reviewing high pressure techniques for cryogenic experiments [9][10][11], and techniques for high pressure crystallographic studies [12][13][14][15][16][17][18], though these typically lean towards either neutrons or X-rays as a source, or focus on extremely high temperatures. Likewise, there are papers elsewhere which discuss a more complete history of high pressure crystallography, such as a review of the development of diamond anvil cells (DACs) by Bassett [19], and those which discuss recent developments in techniques to reach ever higher pressures [20].…”