High Prevalence of blaCTXM–1/IncI1-Iγ/ST3 Plasmids in Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates Collected From Domestic Animals in Guadeloupe (French West Indies)

Abstract

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) have been classified in the group of resistant bacteria of highest priority. We determined the prevalence of ESBL-E collected in feces from household and shelter pets in Guadeloupe (French West Indies). A single rectal swab was taken from 125 dogs and 60 cats between June and September 2019. The prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL-E was 7.6% (14/185, 95% CI: 4.2-12.4), within the range observed worldwide. The only risk factor associated with a higher prevalence of ESBL-E rectal carriage was a stay in a shelter, suggesting that refuges could be hotspots for their acquisition. All but one (Klebsiella pneumoniae from a cat) were Escherichia coli. We noted the presence of a blaCTX–M–1/IncI1-Iγ/sequence type (ST3) plasmid in 11 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates belonging to ST328 (n = 6), ST155 (n = 4) and ST953 (n = 1). A blaCTX–M–15 gene was identified in the three remaining ESBL-E isolates. The blaCTX–M–1 and most of the antimicrobial resistance genes were present in a well-conserved large conjugative IncI1-Iγ/ST3 plasmid characterized by two accessory regions containing antibiotic resistance genes. The plasmid has been detected worldwide in E. coli isolates from humans and several animal species, such as food-producing animals, wild birds and pets, and from the environment. This study shows the potential role of pets as a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria or genes for humans and underlines the importance of basic hygiene measures by owners of companion animals.

The fly route of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae dissemination in a cattle farm: from the ecosystem to the molecular scale

“…This study investigates the origin of ESBL E. coli in a farm of food-producing animals not exposed to third-generation cephalosporins, allowing the identification of a local cattle and fly reservoir of E. coli ST3268/bla CTX-M-15 /bla TEM-1B . This ST was not found elsewhere in Guadeloupe (Sadikalay et al, 2018;Guyomard-Rabenirina et al, 2020;Gruel et al, 2021Gruel et al, , 2022. This ST was also rarely found in genomic databases.…”

Detection of Antibiotic Resistance in Feline-Origin ESBL Escherichia coli from Different Areas of China and the Resistance Elimination of Garlic Oil to Cefquinome on ESBL E. coli

“…Nevertheless, we found that there were major epidemics in different cities, for example, the major epidemics of ESBL E. coli in Shenyang was CTX-M-1, while in Tangshan it was CTX-M-15. Combined with previous studies in a number of other countries, ESBL E. coli was found to be endemic to CTX-M-1 in France, OXA-48 in Switzerland, and CTX-M-8 in Brazil [26][27][28]. Therefore, we revised our former hypothesis: the prevalence does depend on geography, and the type of epidemic is geographical.…”

Do Microorganisms in Bathing Water in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) Have Resistance Genes?

“…The island has faced the emergence of nosocomial infections associated with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae since 2014 and also a high incidence of nosocomial infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae [9][10][11][12]. Environmental investigations have focused on the faecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in domestic animals [13,14], farm animals [15], and wildlife [16,17] and also on the transmission of clinical strains to the environment [8,18]. Antibiotic resistance was also studied in effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and in surface waters with or without such discharges [18,19].…”

“…Antibiotic resistance was also studied in effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and in surface waters with or without such discharges [18,19]. Although these studies concluded that there is limited circulation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) between humans and the environment [8,13,16,18], there are still gaps in understanding the transmission of ARB from the environment to humans.…”