High prevalence of coexisting prehypertension and prediabetes among healthy adults in northern and northeastern China

Abstract

BackgroundPrehypertension and prediabetes are major risk factors of cardiovascular disease, and their combined presence may result in more serious cardiovascular outcomes than expected with either prehypertension or prediabetes alone. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of coexisting prehypertension and prediabetes, and the associated risk profiles in a Chinese population.MethodsA cross-sectional survey in a representative sample of 3,595 men and 4,593 women aged 18 years and older was performed between 2008 and 2010. Prehypertension and prediabetes were diagnosed using the guidelines from the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, and treatment of high blood pressure and American Diabetes Association, respectively. Prehypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure of 120-139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure of 80-89 mmHg, and prediabetes was defined as a fasting blood glucose of 5.6-6.9 mmol/L.ResultsThe prevalence of coexisting prehypertension and prediabetes was 11.0%. Men had a higher prevalence of coexisting prehypertension and prediabetes than women (14.2% vs. 8.4%; P < 0.0001). This prevalence increased with age and body mass index, and was the lowest among Mongolian-Chinese (5.1%). A multivariate analysis showed that γ-glutamyltransferase and uric acid were significantly and positively correlated with body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, and total cholesterol, and negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol in subjects with prehypertension and prediabetes.ConclusionsThere is a large proportion of Chinese adults with coexisting prehypertension and prediabetes. Thus, there is a need for more efforts that implement public health programs that target the earlier stages of hypertension and diabetes.

Prehypertension, Hypertension and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Adult Congolese Urban Dwellers: Results of the Vitaraa Study

“…Prehypertension and hypertension were associated in most cases with at least two additional cardiovascular risk factors thus enhancing the odds to develop cardiovascular events [9] [19] [20] [42] [43]. The risk in subjects with prehypertension has been attributed to endothelial dysfunction, increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and gamma glutamyl-transferase, oxidative stress, and structural remodelling of the myocardium in comparison to subjects with blood pressure in the normal range [9] [23] [44]- [47]. Unlike other studies [11] [37] [48] [49] the rates of diabetes mellitus were similar in our three blood pressure categories whereas in accordance with most reports [18] Our results should be interpreted within the limitations of the present work.…”

Serum γ-glutamyltransferase and uric acid levels are associated with impaired fasting glucose in adults from Inner Mongolia, China

“…In our previous study, we observed higher GGT and UA levels in subjects with coexisting prehypertension and prediabetes, which suggests that GGT and UA are associated with prediabetes [11]. Similarly, results of several surveys conducted in the United States and other countries implicated GGT and/or UA in the development of diabetes [12-15].…”

Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Levels are Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in China: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

“…The data used in this study are from the Chinese Physiological Constant and Health Condition (CPCHC) survey. This research used a multistage, random, stratified sampling method to obtain a nationally representative sample of the general Chinese population 18 , 19 . In brief, 6 provinces (Sichuan-Southwest, Yunnan-South, Hunan-South, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region-North, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region-Northwest, and Heilongjiang-Northeast) were selected from different geographical regions in China.…”