High prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and esophagitis with or without symptoms in the general adult Swedish population: A Kalixanda study report

Ronkainen, Jukka; Aro, Pertti; Storskrubb, Tom; Johansson, Sven‐Erik; Lind, Tore; Bolling–Sternevald, Elisabeth; Graffner, Hans; Vieth, Michael; Stolte, Manfred; Engstrand, Lars; Talley, Nicholas J.; Agréus, Lars

doi:10.1080/00365520510011579

Cited by 431 publications

(371 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

319

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Diagnosing GERD as the cause of extraesophageal symptoms has proven to be very challenging. Upper endoscopy can document the presence of GERD when erosive esophagitis is present, but it is found in only one third of patients with GERD symptoms ( 126 ) and is even rarer aft er treatment with PPIs ( 59 ). Even when present, fi nding erosive esophagitis does not establish a diagnosis of GERD-related asthma, chronic cough, or laryngitis.…”

Section: Summary Of the Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Katz¹,

Gerson²,

Vela³

2013

American Journal of Gastroenterology

1,553

1,430

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Summary Of the Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Katz¹,

Gerson²,

Vela³

2013

American Journal of Gastroenterology

1,553

1,430

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…21 In contrast, NERD is more common in women. 2,7,15,16,34,39 A quantitative analysis of esophageal symptoms has showed that the symptom frequency and severity were significantly higher in women than in men. 8,36 On the other hand, the grade of esophagitis by esophagogastroduodenoscopy and the time period at pH below 4 during ambulatory 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring did not show any significant differences between men and women.…”

Section: Endoscopy-based Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and Gender Differences in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Kim

2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is important to understand sex and gender-related differences in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) because gender-related biologic factors might lead to better prevention and therapy. Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) affects more women than men. GERD symptoms are more frequent in patients with NERD than in those with reflux esophagitis. However, men suffer pathologic diseases such as reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus (BE), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) more frequently than women. The prevalence of reflux esophagitis is significantly increased with age in women, especially after their 50s. The mean age of EAC incidence in women is higher than in men, suggesting a role of estrogen in delaying the onset of BE and EAC. In a chronic rat reflux esophagitis model, nitric oxide was found to be an aggravating factor of esophageal injury in a male-predominant way. In addition, the expression of esophageal occludin, a tight junction protein that plays an important role in the esophageal defense mechanism, was up-regulated in women. This explains the male predominance of reflux esophagitis and delayed incidence of BE or EAC in women. Moreover, the symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and extra-esophageal symptoms have been more frequently reported by women than by men, suggesting that sex and gender play a role in symptom perception. Differential sensitivity with augmented symptoms in women might have diagnostic and therapeutic influence. Furthermore, recent studies have suggested that hormone replacement therapy has a protective effect against esophageal cancer. However, an anti-inflammatory role of estrogen remains compelling, which means further study is necessary in this area.

show abstract

“…Gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GERS) were defined as the presence of any troublesome heartburn and/or acid regurgitation over the past three months [14,17].…”

Section: Definitions Of Symptom Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of tobacco products and gastrointestinal morbidity: an endoscopic population-based study (the Kalixanda study)

et al. 2010

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is little knowledge regarding the relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and snus. The nicotine intake is usually higher than in smokers, and a great deal of tobacco juice contaminated saliva is swallowed during use. In a Swedish cross-sectional study of symptoms in 130,000 construction workers, smokers reported "ulcer-like" dyspepsia three times as often 5 as the non tobacco users, while snus users reported significantly fewer symptoms than both smokers and non tobacco users [10].It has been shown both in studies on patients and in population-based studies that smoking is a risk factor for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) [8,11], but there are no data concerning snus on this issue. Data from the US show that cigarette smokers have a markedly increased risk for gastric cancer and that use of more than one tobacco product increases the risk in men [12].Male users of smokeless or chewing tobacco have also been shown in US prospective studies to have higher death rates from all causes compared with non-users (CPS-I and II studies) and also higher death rates from cancer of the gastrointestinal tract overall (CPS-I study), but separate data on the upper gastrointestinal tract were not shown [13].Although there is extensive exposure to swallowed tobacco juice contaminated saliva, and high serum levels of nicotine and nitrites, there have been no studies in terms of oesophageal or gastric histology or Helicobacter pylori infection in snus users.The aim of the study was to investigate whether smoking cigarettes and snus use are associated with gastrointestinal symptomatology, macroscopic findings on endoscopy or histological signs of inflammation or cancer risk markers in the esophagus or stomach, including the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori. MATERIALS AND METHODS SettingThe Kalixanda study setting consisted of two neighbouring communities in Northern Sweden (Kalix and Haparanda) with 28,988 inhabitants (December 1998). The distribution of age and sex was similar to the national average in Sweden in both communities; although proportion of unemployment, income, and the proportion with a higher education were slightly lower [14]. ParticipantsBy using the computerized national population register, covering all citizens in the two communities by date of birth order, a representative stratified sample was generated. Every seventh adult (n=3,000) from the target population (18-80 years of age, n=21,610 in September 1998) was drawn. The sampled subjects were given an identification number (1-3,000) in a random order [14]. Study design and logisticsThe original study population (n=3,000) was invited by mail to take part. The invitation included information of the study design and of the aims of the study and a validated questionnaire, the Abdominal Symptom Questionnaire (ASQ) to be returned by mail [15]. Up to two remainders were sent when necessary; 140 subjects were unavailable at the time for invitation, thus 2,860 of the original study population were eligible for inclusion [14]. The overall response rate was 7...

show abstract

High prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and esophagitis with or without symptoms in the general adult Swedish population: A Kalixanda study report

Abstract: GERS and EE (of which one-third is asymptomatic) are highly prevalent in the Swedish adult population. H. pylori infection seems to play a role in the manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux.

Cited by 431 publications

References 22 publications

Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Sex and Gender Differences in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Use of tobacco products and gastrointestinal morbidity: an endoscopic population-based study (the Kalixanda study)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About