High prevalence of GII norovirus in hospitalized children with acute diarrhea, in Beijing

Jia, Liping; You, Zhang; Liu, Liying; Dong, Huijin; Zhao, Linqing; Qian, Yuan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179839

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The worldwide reported prevalence of norovirus among fecal samples from pediatric patients with acute sporadic gastroenteritis has a broad range, depending on whether patients have been hospitalized or not, the ages of the children, and the methodology that has been used (10). Norovirus infection is characterized by nausea, vomiting abdominal cramps and diarrhea without blood (33). In this study, abdominal pains, vomiting, fever, watery diarrhea, and dehydration were the most common particular symptoms in patient with norovirus infections, almost similar to previously reported study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Low Endemic Frequency of Adenovirus, Rotavirus and Norovirus in Pediatric Diarrhea Samples from Central Iran

Abbasi

Mondanizadeh

Belkum³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Acute viral gastroenteritis is a disorder that affects children on a worldwide scale but mostly in developing countries. Adenoviruses, rotaviruses, and noroviruses are the major viral cause of childhood gastroenteritis. This study is the first to investigate the prevalence of these viruses in diarrhea samples from pediatric patients living in central Iran.Methods: A total of 173 samples of pediatric diarrhea, from May 2015 to May 2016, was included in this descriptive cross-sectional study. The samples were analyzed using in-house developed PCR and reverse transcription (RT) -PCR methods to investigate the prevalence of adeno-, rota- and noroviruses. Results: Out of 173 samples of pediatric diarrhea, eight were shown to contain enteric viruses (4.6%): four of these were adenovirus (2.3%), three were rotavirus (1.7%), and one represented a genogroup II norovirus (0.6%). Most of the positive samples were obtained from children under the age of seven. The most common additional clinical symptoms in pediatric patients with viral agents were fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Conclusions: Adenovirus and rotavirus were rarely found as agents responsible for gastroenteritis in central Iran. Although we show that the frequency of viral gastroenteritis is low in this area compared to bacterial gastroenteritis, still longer-term monitoring of all enteropathogenic agents should provide a deeper understanding of the real endemicity and the possible occurrence of unexpected outbreaks of viral enteritis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Low Endemic Frequency of Adenovirus, Rotavirus and Norovirus in Pediatric Diarrhea Samples from Central Iran

Abbasi

Mondanizadeh

Belkum³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…A recent cohort study of 8.5 years was conducted at Texas Children’s Hospital which showed a 60–87% decrease in rotavirus infection post vaccine licensure . This study helps confirm that noroviruses are quickly replacing rotaviruses as the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients owing to the recent development and universal distribution of a rotavirus vaccine. , According to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it is now estimated that noroviruses are responsible for 685 million cases each year with an estimated $60 billion medical and socioeconomic cost . Specifically, the GII.4 norovirus genotype accounts for more than 50% of all outbreaks worldwide. ,, This overwhelming global burden drives the need for identification and characterization of potential norovirus targets to exploit for drug design and development …”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

“…1 This study helps confirm that noroviruses are quickly replacing rotaviruses as the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients owing to the recent development and universal distribution of a rotavirus vaccine. 2,3 According to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it is now estimated that noroviruses are responsible for 685 million cases each year with an estimated $60 billion medical and socioeconomic cost. 4 Specifically, the GII.4 norovirus genotype accounts for more than 50% of all outbreaks worldwide.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Specifically, the GII.4 norovirus genotype accounts for more than 50% of all outbreaks worldwide. 3,5,6 This overwhelming global burden drives the need for identification and characterization of potential norovirus targets to exploit for drug design and development. 7 Norovirus is a genus of positive sense, single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Caliciviridae family.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Structural and Antiviral Studies of the Human Norovirus GII.4 Protease

et al. 2019

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Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide with a yearly reported 700 million cases driving a $60 billion global socioeconomic burden. With no United States Food and Drug Administration approved therapeutics and the chance for severe chronic infection and life-threatening complications, researchers have identified the protease as a potential target. However, drug development has focused on the norovirus GI.1 strain despite its accounting for less than 5% of all outbreaks. Our lab aims to change focus for norovirus drug design from GI.1 to the highly infective GII.4, responsible for more than 50% of all outbreaks worldwide. With the first published crystal structure of the norovirus GII.4 protease, we have identified several significant differences in the structure and active site that have hindered development of a potent inhibitor targeting the norovirus GII.4 protease. With these new insights, we have begun designing compounds that demonstrate increased inhibition of the clinically most relevant norovirus GII.4 strain.

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“…Despite this, different studies showed the prevalence of this pathogen to be up to 35.2% in sporadic outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in children under five-years-old (30). Indeed, the GII genogroup has been found in up to 92% of the analyzed samples in other countries (30)(31)(32), which represents a latent risk due to this virus incidence increase among children younger than five-years-old after the application of the rotavirus vaccine (33). Furthermore, the analysis revealed the presence of genotypes HAstV-1 and HAstV-3, indicating a high prevalence of astroviruses in this region, which is in line with reports from other countries (24,(34)(35)(36)(37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Enteric Circulating Viruses and Co-infections Among Hospitalized Children with Severe Acute Gastroenteritis in Chihuahua, Mexico, During 2010 - 2011

Romo-Sáenz

Medina-Soltero

Delgado-Gardea

et al. 2020

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Rotavirus has been considered the main causal agent of gastroenteritis worldwide. However, after rotavirus vaccine implementation, new reports have revealed the prevalence of other viral gastroenteritis agents such as norovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, and other rare rotaviruses. Their prevalence is increasing in both developed and developing countries and may become a serious public health problem. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the relationship between co-infections with enteric viruses and acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children under five years of age. Methods: A total of 57 stool samples were collected during 2010-2011 in two hospitals in Chihuahua, México, located in northern Mexico. The genotypic analysis was done using RT-PCR of specific regions of the viral enteric genome. In addition, phylogenetic analysis was developed by sequencing of the complete genome characteristic for the classification of enteric viruses by the neighborjoining method. Results: Molecular detection revealed the presence of at least one viral agent in 61.4% (n = 35) of the total analyzed samples. Among the positive samples, rotavirus was identified in 49.12% (n = 21), adenovirus in 14% (n = 8), and a co-infection of norovirus and astrovirus in 3.5% (n = 2) of the samples. Rotavirus co-infection with another viral agent was identified in 14.28% (n = 5) of positive samples. Conclusions: Viral gastroenteritis has been decreasing after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine. However, the appearance of co-infections has significantly increased, as evidenced by the high prevalence of enteroviruses among hospitalized children in Chihuahua, Mexico.

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High prevalence of GII norovirus in hospitalized children with acute diarrhea, in Beijing

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Low Endemic Frequency of Adenovirus, Rotavirus and Norovirus in Pediatric Diarrhea Samples from Central Iran

Low Endemic Frequency of Adenovirus, Rotavirus and Norovirus in Pediatric Diarrhea Samples from Central Iran

Structural and Antiviral Studies of the Human Norovirus GII.4 Protease

Human Enteric Circulating Viruses and Co-infections Among Hospitalized Children with Severe Acute Gastroenteritis in Chihuahua, Mexico, During 2010 - 2011

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