High Prevalence of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Severe Fibromyalgia Syndromes

Cuatrecasas, Guillem; González, Michael J.; Alegre, Cayetano; Sesmilo, Gemma; Fernández‐Solà, Joaquim; Casanueva, Felipe F.; Garcia-Fructuoso, Ferran J; Poca-Dias, Violant; Izquierdo, J. P.; Puig-Domingo, Manel

doi:10.1210/jc.2010-0061

Cited by 51 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Other reports have also shown that GH treatment is an effective pain therapy for patients with fibromyalgia [3,4,9,10,31,34,42]. However the effect in fibromyalgia patients was mainly found in those with corresponding low IGF-1 levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Similar to GH releasing molecules such as ghrelin or GHRH [10, 54], IGF-1 and its receptor IGFr1, have also been demonstrated to be involved in nociceptive processing [16,46] in adult rodents possibly by modulating neuronal excitability [74]. Interestingly, in mice overexpressing IGF-2, studies have found reduced sensory innervation of the skin, which may play a role in peripheral responsiveness [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, GH-related signaling molecules such as GH release hormone (GHRH) and ghrelin have been found to decrease mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity after inflammation [15,64] in adult rodents. In addition, recent human studies have showed that GH treatment provides analgesia in a subpopulation of adult patients with fibromyalgia [3,4,9,10,31,34,42]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth hormone regulates the sensitization of developing peripheral nociceptors during cutaneous inflammation

Liu

Green

Ford

et al. 2016

Pain

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Cutaneous inflammation alters the function of primary afferents and gene expression in the affected dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). However specific mechanisms of injury-induced peripheral afferent sensitization and behavioral hypersensitivity during development are not fully understood. Recent studies in children suggest a potential role for growth hormone (GH) in pain modulation. GH modulates homeostasis and tissue repair after injury, but how GH effects nociception in neonates is not known. To determine if GH played a role in modulating sensory neuron function and hyper-responsiveness during skin inflammation in young mice, we examined behavioral hypersensitivity and the response properties of cutaneous afferents using an ex vivo hairy skin-saphenous nerve-dorsal root ganglion (DRG)-spinal cord preparation. Results show that inflammation of the hairy hindpaw skin initiated at either postnatal day 7 (P7) or P14 reduced GH levels specifically in the affected skin. Furthermore, pretreatment of inflamed mice with exogenous GH reversed mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in addition to altering nociceptor function. These effects may be mediated via an upregulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGFr1) as GH modulated the transcriptional output of IGFr1 in DRG neurons in vitro and in vivo. Afferent-selective knockdown of IGFr1 during inflammation also prevented the observed injury-induced alterations in cutaneous afferents and behavioral hypersensitivity similar to that following GH pretreatment. These results suggest that GH can block inflammation-induced nociceptor sensitization during postnatal development leading to reduced pain-like behaviors, possibly by suppressing the upregulation of IGFr1 within DRGs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth hormone regulates the sensitization of developing peripheral nociceptors during cutaneous inflammation

Liu

Green

Ford

et al. 2016

Pain

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show abstract

Section: Clinical Significancementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth hormone regulates the sensitization of developing peripheral nociceptors during cutaneous inflammation: Erratum.

2017

PAIN

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Cutaneous inflammation alters the function of primary afferents and gene expression in the affected dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). However specific mechanisms of injury-induced peripheral afferent sensitization and behavioral hypersensitivity during development are not fully understood. Recent studies in children suggest a potential role for growth hormone (GH) in pain modulation. GH modulates homeostasis and tissue repair after injury, but how GH effects nociception in neonates is not known. To determine if GH played a role in modulating sensory neuron function and hyper-responsiveness during skin inflammation in young mice, we examined behavioral hypersensitivity and the response properties of cutaneous afferents using an ex vivo hairy skinsaphenous nerve-dorsal root ganglion (DRG)-spinal cord preparation. Results show that inflammation of the hairy hindpaw skin initiated at either postnatal day 7 (P7) or P14 reduced GH levels specifically in the affected skin. Furthermore, pretreatment of inflamed mice with exogenous GH reversed mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in addition to altering nociceptor function. These effects may be mediated via an upregulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGFr1) as GH modulated the transcriptional output of IGFr1 in DRG neurons in vitro and in vivo. Afferent-selective knockdown of IGFr1 during inflammation also prevented the observed injury-induced alterations in cutaneous afferents and behavioral hypersensitivity similar to that following GH pretreatment. These results suggest that GH can block inflammation-induced nociceptor sensitization during postnatal development leading to reduced pain-like behaviors, possibly by suppressing the upregulation of IGFr1 within DRGs.

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The Levels of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor in Patients with Myofascial Pain Syndrome and in Healthy Controls

Grosman‐Rimon

Vadasz

Parkinson

et al. 2020

PM&R

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Background: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays an important role in muscle maintenance and repair. The role of IGF-2 in the muscle is less clear. Objective: To compare the levels of IGF-1 and IGF-2 in participants with acute myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) versus healthy controls and to determine whether age, gender, body mass index (BMI), region of pain, and pain intensity are associated with IGF levels. Design: A case-control study design included a total of 74 participants. Setting: Hospital emergency department. Participants: Participants presenting with acute MPS (n = 43) and non-MPS controls (n = 31). Main Outcome Measures: Serum IGF-1 and IGF-2 (pg/mL) were measured in participants with MPS within 24 hours of symptom onset, and in non-MPS controls. Group and gender differences in serum IGF-1 and IGF-2 were assessed, with group and gender as factors, while controlling for age and BMI. Results: The mean IGF-1 levels were not significantly different between MPS and controls (88 554.1, confidence interval [CI],[79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97] CI,). Significant differences were also not observed in IGF-1 levels between men and women with MPS nor between men and women in the control group. Mean levels of IGF-2 were significantly lower in patients with MPS than in controls

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High Prevalence of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Severe Fibromyalgia Syndromes

Abstract: FM patients show a high prevalence of GH axis dysfunction. A significant number of patients show biochemical patterns of GH deficiency as well as some degree of GH resistance and might be potential candidates for substitution treatment.

Cited by 51 publications

References 26 publications

Growth hormone regulates the sensitization of developing peripheral nociceptors during cutaneous inflammation

Growth hormone regulates the sensitization of developing peripheral nociceptors during cutaneous inflammation

Growth hormone regulates the sensitization of developing peripheral nociceptors during cutaneous inflammation: Erratum.

The Levels of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor in Patients with Myofascial Pain Syndrome and in Healthy Controls

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