High prevalence of hepatitis A and E viruses in environmental and clinical samples from West Argentina

Castro, Ivana Lo; Espul, Carlos; Paula, Vanessa Salete de; Altabert, Nancy; González, Jorge; Lago, Bárbara Vieira do; Villar, Lívia Melo

doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2022.102738

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As a second goal, in this study, we investigated the presence of HEV in wastewater and surface water to provide additional data on the epidemiology of the infection and the viral transmission patterns in the country. Wastewater-based epidemiology and surveillance of aquatic environment matrices have been employed as cost-effective tools for monitoring the circulation of pathogens to make public health decisions [ 23 ] but they can also be useful for assessing transmission chains and investigating epidemiologic links during outbreaks or clusters of cases [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wastewater surveillance is a useful epidemiological tool that can provide data on the circulation of pathogens and has been used to evaluate infection trends in the community, monitor public health interventions, and make timely, evidence-based decisions to mitigate the impact of epidemic waves or outbreaks [ 23 ]. In Latin America, only a few HEV prevalence reports involving environmental and wastewater samples have been published [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Given the increasing trends of HEV seroprevalence in the region [ 28 ], developing efficient and standardized methodologies for the detection and characterization of HEV in the environment has been a real challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology Update of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Uruguay: Subtyping, Environmental Surveillance and Zoonotic Transmission

Cancela,

Icasuriaga,

Cuevas

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection is an emergent zoonotic disease of increasing concern in developed regions. HEV genotype 3 (HEV-3) is mainly transmitted through consumption of contaminated food in high-income countries and is classified into at least 13 subtypes (3a–3n), based on p-distance values from complete genomes. In Latin America, HEV epidemiology studies are very scant. Our group has previously detected HEV3 in clinical cases, swine, wild boars, captive white-collared peccaries, and spotted deer from Uruguay. Herein, we aimed to provide novel insights and an updated overview of the molecular epidemiology of zoonotic HEV in Uruguay, including data from wastewater-based surveillance studies. A thorough analysis of HEV whole genomes and partial ORF2 sequences from Uruguayan human and domestic pig strains showed that they formed a separate monophyletic cluster with high nucleotide identity and exhibited p-distance values over the established cut-off (0.093) compared with reference subtypes’ sequences. Furthermore, we found an overall prevalence of 10.87% (10/92) in wastewater, where two samples revealed a close relationship with humans, and animal reservoirs/hosts isolates from Uruguay. In conclusion, a single, new HEV-3 subtype currently circulates in different epidemiological settings in Uruguay, and we propose its designation as 3o along with its reference sequence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology Update of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Uruguay: Subtyping, Environmental Surveillance and Zoonotic Transmission

Cancela,

Icasuriaga,

Cuevas

et al. 2023

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…17,68 Surface waters, including rivers, dams, lagoons, and seawater, exhibited detection rates ranging from 1.2% to 86.7%. 69,70 HAV-IA was predominantly detected in all studies, except for one river sample from Argentina in which HAV-IC was found (Table 3) ( 66,69-75,75,77,78 ; 66,67,[79][80][81][82][83] ).…”

Section: Detection Of Hav In Latin America Environmental Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A in Latin America: The current scenario

Ré,

Ridruejo,

Fantilli

et al. 2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

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This review aims to gather and disseminate updated information regarding hepatitis A virus (HAV) in Latin America (LA) in the last 11 years, including seroprevalence, post‐vaccination studies, virus detection in aqueous matrices and food samples, and outbreak reports. Only 24 seroprevalence studies were published between 2012 and 2023 with 55%–100% reported prevalences of anti‐HAV IgG. Among the 25 LA countries, only eight of them have introduced HAV vaccines into their immunisation programs. Outbreaks of hepatitis A occurred between 2017–2019, mainly affecting men who have sex with men in Argentina, Brazil and Chile, probably as a consequence of the abrupt decline of young adults' immunity. This could be due to that young adult have never been infected in childhood (due to socio‐health improvements) and are above the cut‐off ages to be included when the vaccination programs were introduced. Although scarce, studies focused on environmental and food HAV surveillance have shown viral presence in these samples. Surface waters presented HAV detections between 1.2% and 86.7%, and untreated wastewaters between 2.8% and 70.9%. Genotypes found in all cases were IA and IC. The only wastewater‐based epidemiology study showed to be a useful tool as a complement of traditional epidemiological surveillance. Only four LA countries have looked for HAV in food samples, with genome detection rates between 9% and 33%. Latin American HAV circulation scenario is changing. In countries where socioeconomic and sanitary conditions have not improved, the virus persists with high endemicity and the access to the vaccine should be re‐evaluated by local governments. In countries where access to clean water, better sanitary conditions and HAV immunisation programs have been implemented, the number of cases among young adults seems to be increasing, alerting health authorities.

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“…Likewise, this deficit pushes farmers to reuse wastewater for irrigation during this period when river flows are low. 23,24 Statistical analysis showed an association between rainfall and the number of hepatitis cases with p-value< 0.005 (Table 1). Annual rainfall is therefore negatively correlated with an increase in water-borne diseases such as viral hepatitis, which justifies the results of this study.…”

Section: Impact Of Rainfall On the Distribution Of Waterborne Viral H...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Rainfall on The Distribution of Water-Borne Diseases: The Case of Viral Hepatitis

2023

TJNPR

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Water-borne diseases, including viral hepatitis, remain important sources of mortality worldwide, but particularly in developing countries. In Morocco, the epidemiology of viral hepatitis is not known with accuracy. No national serological study has been conducted to estimate the true magnitude of these infections in the general population. WHO estimates the prevalence of the hepatitis B virus at 2% in the general population, and 1.2% for hepatitis C virus. 5 Changes in diseases associated with climate change make diseases a target for prevention. Climate change is likely to affect the quality of surface and groundwater by affecting weather conditions, 6 such as temperature and rainfall, which may influence the incidence of waterborne diseases. 7,8,9 Previous research has studied the association between waterborne hepatitis and climatic conditions 10,11 , while several epidemics of this type of hepatitis have been reported in the scientific literature 12,13,14,15 after water-related weather events. 7,10 According to the present state of our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the relationship between climatic factors, in particular rainfall, and viral hepatitis in Morocco. The goal of this research is to investigate the association between annual rainfall and the number of waterborne viral hepatitis cases in the Meknes prefecture between 2010 and 2014. Materials and Method Study areaThe prefecture of Meknes (34° north, 6°west) (Figure 1) is located in the Fez-Meknes region in central Morocco. Its legal population which

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High prevalence of hepatitis A and E viruses in environmental and clinical samples from West Argentina

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Epidemiology Update of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Uruguay: Subtyping, Environmental Surveillance and Zoonotic Transmission

Epidemiology Update of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Uruguay: Subtyping, Environmental Surveillance and Zoonotic Transmission

Hepatitis A in Latin America: The current scenario

Impact of Rainfall on The Distribution of Water-Borne Diseases: The Case of Viral Hepatitis

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