High prevalence of hepatitis B virus genotype C/C1 in the Minangkabau ethnic group in Indonesia

Abstract

BackgroundThe Minangkabau is one of the major ethnic groups in Indonesia. Previous studies with a limited number of samples have shown a different prevalence of HBV/C in the Minangkabau compared to the Indonesian population in general. The aim of this study was to assess the HBV genotype distribution pattern and the prevalence of pre-S, T1753V and A1762T/G1764A mutations among the Minangkabau HBV carriers. The samples were collected from Padang, West Sumatera and from western Java. Mixed primers for specific genotypes were used to determine the HBV genotype. Pre-S or S genes were amplified, sequenced and aligned with reference sequences from GenBank to derive a phylogenetic tree for subgenotyping. Pre-S genes were also analyzed for mutations. The basal core promoter (BCP) region was amplified and directly sequenced to analyze T1753V and A1762T/G1764A mutations.ResultsThe predominant HBV genotype among the Minangkabau HBV carriers (n=117) was C (72.6%) followed by B (24.8%) and co-infection with B and C (2.6%). The prevalence of pre-S mutations, including both the pre-S deletion and pre-S2 start codon mutation, was 41.0%, and the T1753V and A1762T/G1764A mutations were found in 51.9% and 71.2% respectively. HBV/C1 was the predominant HBV subgenotype in the Minangkabau HBV carriers, and was found in 66.2%, followed by B3, B7, C8, B2, B9, C2, and C10 (18.3%, 7.0%, 2.8%, 1.4%, 1.4%, 1.4%, and 1.4% respectively). From samples that were found to be co-infected with HBV B and C, two samples were successfully cloned and subgenotyped, including one with mixed subgenotypes of B3 and C1, and another one with mixed subgenotypes of B7, C1, putative intergenotypic of B/A, and C/A. Furthermore, three samples from donors of non-Minangkabau ethnicity from Padang were found to be infected with an intragenotypic recombination form, including a putative recombinant of B8/B3 and B9/B7.ConclusionHBV/C with subgenotype C1 was the predominant HBV genotype among HBV carriers of Minangkabau ethnicity. The prevalence of pre-S, A1762T/G1764A, and T1753V mutations was higher among the Minangkabau compared to Indonesian HBV carriers in general.

Genetic polymorphisms of HLA-DP and isolated anti-HBc are important subsets of occult hepatitis B infection in Indonesian blood donors: a case-control study

“…In the present study, most OBI genomes were genotype B3. This is in accordance with previous studies showing that in Indonesia the most common HBV genotype is HBV B3 (HBV/B3), followed by HBV/C1, especially in Java island [ 21 , 33 ].…”

Gene X Two Triple Mutations Predominance on Chronic Hepatitis B Virus in Padang, West Sumatra Indonesia

“…4,40 An accordance to previous research, genotype C is the most abundant in Minangkabau ethnic group and is associated with social interactions among the ethnic. 41 Recent study in Pekanbaru revealed that the pattern domination of genotype C. 42 These findings support the idea that geography and ethnicity influence the distribution of HBV genotypes.…”

“…This is due to specific mutations in the BCP promoter and pre-Core region which are also linked to an increased risk of HCC. 41,[44][45][46] These genotypes also cause differences in HBV therapy response and resistance. Genotype B responded better to interferon (IFN)-and Lamivudine therapy than genotype C. 47 Patients infected with genotype C were more likely to respond to pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) than standard IFN.…”

CRISPR Target-based Single-guide RNA (sgRNA) for Diagnostic Testing of Hepatitis B Virus

“…This sequence similarity between HBV genotype B and C is also observed in another study. 17 In this study, we designed sgRNA, especially the CRISPR RNA (crRNA) that is complementary to the target DNA using in silico method. The sgRNA region that we proposed was located in 336-359 bases.…”