High prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in infants attending a well-baby clinic in northwestern Saudi Arabia

Hawsawi, Zakaria M. Al; Al-Rehali, Sami A.; Mahros, Amani M.; Al-Sisi, Ali M.; Al-Harbi, Khalid D.; Yousef, A. M.

doi:10.15537/smj.2015.9.11844

Cited by 34 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Comparably high anemia prevalence has also been previously shown in low-resource Chinese infants and toddlers (51-60% of 6-17-month olds (Hipgrave et al, 2014;Luo et al, 2014)), whereas high IDA has also been found in Saudi Arabian infants (49% at 6-24 months of age; Al Hawsawi et al, 2015). Overall, these comparisons suggest that our population showed a high prevalence of ID, IDA, and anemia even among other low-resource populations.…”

Section: Infant Iron Statussupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Among Latin American countries in a recent review, Bolivia has the highest national prevalence of anemia among preschoolers (6–59-month-olds; 61%; Mujica-Coopman et al, 2015), and so it is perhaps not surprising that our study also showed an extremely high prevalence of anemia in infants, despite our adjustment for the high altitude of the study setting. Comparably high anemia prevalence has also been previously shown in low-resource Chinese infants and toddlers (51–60% of 6–17-month olds (Hipgrave et al, 2014; Luo et al, 2014)), whereas high IDA has also been found in Saudi Arabian infants (49% at 6–24 months of age; Al Hawsawi et al, 2015). Overall, these comparisons suggest that our population showed a high prevalence of ID, IDA, and anemia even among other low-resource populations.…”

Section: | Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

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Early deterioration of iron status among a cohort of Bolivian infants

Burke

Rebolledo

Aceituno

et al. 2016

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are major contributors to infant and maternal morbidity worldwide. There is limited longitudinal data on iron status in young infants and on methods to adjust iron biomarkers for inflammation. We aimed to quantify the prevalence of inflammation-adjusted ID, anemia, and IDA over the first year in a cohort of Bolivian infants and their mothers. Healthy mother-infant dyads were recruited from two peri-urban hospitals. Infants provided three blood draws (2, 6-8, and 12-18 months; N = 160); mothers provided two blood draws (1 and 6-8 months postpartum [plus third anemia measurement at 12-18 months]; N = 250). Blood was analyzed for hemoglobin, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, C-reactive protein (CRP), and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP). Iron biomarkers were adjusted for inflammation using CRP and AGP; hemoglobin cutoffs were adjusted for altitude. Inflammation (elevated CRP or AGP) was 17% among toddlers 12-18 months of age. ID (inflammation-adjusted ferritin) increased with age (<1%, 56%, and 79% at each blood draw), as did anemia and IDA Correspondence: Rachel M. Burke, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Claudia Nance Rollins Building, 1518 Clifton Rd. NE Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. rachel.m.burke@gmail.com. CONFLICTS OF INTERESTBurke, Rebolledo, Fabiszewski de Aceituno, Revollo, Iñiguez, Klein, Drews-Botsch, Leon, Suchdev: no conflicts of interest. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CONTRIBUTIONS PS, JL, CDB, MK, VI, AFdA, PAR, and RMB designed the research. PS, JS, AFdA, PAR, RR, VI, and RMB conducted the research. RMB analyzed the data. RMB, PS, and JS wrote the paper and had primary responsibility for final content. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. SUPPORTING INFORMATIONAdditional Supporting Information may be found online in the supporting information tab for this article. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript (anemia: 70%, 76%, and 81%; IDA: <1%, 46%, and 68%). Maternal ID declined from the first to second assessment (39% vs. 27%). Inflammation-adjusted ID prevalence was up to 15 percentage points higher than unadjusted estimates. The high prevalence of ID, anemia, and IDA in this cohort of Bolivian infants beginning at 6-8 months of age suggests that early interventions may be necessary in vulnerable populations. Keywordsanemia; global micronutrient malnutrition; infant nutrition; iron deficiency; iron deficiency anemia; micronutrient deficiencies | INTRODUCTIONIron deficiency (ID), which can progress into iron deficiency anemia (IDA) if uncorrected, is one of the most common micronutrient deficiencies globally: an estimated 40% of children under 5% and 38% of pregnant women worldwide suffer from ID (Camaschella, 2015). ID and IDA can have especially severe consequences in youn...

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Section: Infant Iron Statussupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: | Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Early deterioration of iron status among a cohort of Bolivian infants

Burke

Rebolledo

Aceituno

et al. 2016

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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“…In a cross-sectional study of 500 Saudi infants aged 6–24 months attending a well-baby clinic, Al Hawsawi et al reported that 49% had IDA (Hb < 11 g/dL, serum ferritin <10 µg/L) [66]. In a study of Saudi school children, Abou-Zeid et al reported 11.6% to be anemic, with a declining rate of anemia from ages 6 to 14 years [60].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Micronutrient Deficiencies In the Middle Eastmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiencies and Inadequacies in the Middle East and Approaches to Interventions

et al. 2017

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Micronutrient deficiencies and inadequacies constitute a global health issue, particularly among countries in the Middle East. The objective of this review is to identify micronutrient deficits in the Middle East and to consider current and new approaches to address this problem. Based on the availability of more recent data, this review is primarily focused on countries that are in advanced nutrition transition. Prominent deficits in folate, iron, and vitamin D are noted among children/adolescents, women of childbearing age, pregnant women, and the elderly. Reports indicate that food fortification in the region is sporadic and ineffective, and the use of dietary supplements is low. Nutrition monitoring in the region is limited, and gaps in relevant information present challenges for implementing new policies and approaches to address the problem. Government-sponsored initiatives are necessary to assess current dietary intakes/patterns, support nutrition education, and to reduce food insecurity, especially among vulnerable population groups. Public–private partnerships should be considered in targeting micronutrient fortification programs and supplementation recommendations as approaches to help alleviate the burden of micronutrient deficiencies and inadequacies in the Middle East.

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“…Since the fetus depends on the maternal iron level, higher risk women for iron deficiency with concomitant increased risk of anemia among newborn babies. Due to these, anemia in the newborn has serious public health issues in developing countries [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated factors of anemia among full-term newborn babies at University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2020

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Background: Anemia in newborn babies causes asymptomatic to an acute life-threatening event. If untreated, it leads to a delay in brain maturation, tissue hypoxia, and stunted growth. In Sub-Saharan Africa, its burden ranges 23-66%. However, in Ethiopia, there is limited information regarding the prevalence and associated factors of newborn anemia. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of anemia among fullterm newborn babies. Method: Cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1 to April 30, 2019, among 192 full-term newborn babies. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected through interviews. Clinical data were collected by reviewing medical records. Cord blood was collected from the clumped cord. Complete blood count was analyzed by using the Sysmex KX-21 N hematology analyzer. SPSS 20 was used to analyze the data. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to identify associated factors. P-value < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant association. Result: The median (interquartile range) of cord hemoglobin was 15 g/dL (13.93-16.2 g/dL). From the total, 25% (95% CI: 18.9, 31.1%) of the newborns were anemic. From anemic 89.5, 6.3, and 4.2% were mild, moderate and severe anemia type, respectively. Maternal vegetable consumption habit (AOR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.17, 0.69) were significant associated with anemia. Conclusion: Anemia among newborn babies found to be a moderate public health problem. Based on the finding early screening of newborn anemia may reduce further complications.

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High prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in infants attending a well-baby clinic in northwestern Saudi Arabia

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

Early deterioration of iron status among a cohort of Bolivian infants

Early deterioration of iron status among a cohort of Bolivian infants

The Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiencies and Inadequacies in the Middle East and Approaches to Interventions

Prevalence and associated factors of anemia among full-term newborn babies at University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

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