High Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders in Adolescents and Youth Living with HIV: An Observational Study from Eight Health Services in Sofala Province, Mozambique

Gennaro, Francesco Di; Marotta, Claudia; Ramirez, Lucy; Cardoso, Hamilton; Alamo, Chivite; Cinturao, V; Bavaro, Davide Fiore; Mahotas, Dezi Cornelia; Lazzari, Marzia; Fernando, Chenene; Chimundi, Natalia; Atzori, Andrea; Chaguruca, Izilda; Tognon, Francesca; Anjos, Helga Guambe Dos; Meneghi, Giovanna De; Tribie, Mireille; Greco, Fabrizia Del; Namarime, Edson; Occa, Edoardo; Putoto, Giovanni; Pozniak, Anton; Saracino, Annalisa

doi:10.1089/apc.2022.0007

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The occurrence of PD in PLWHA depends largely on the studied population. Studies carried out in several countries indicate a high prevalence of PD in the PLWHA population, ranging from 14 to 61%, depending on the studied population (Lang et al, 2023;Di Gennaro et al, 2022;Nyongesa et al, 2021;Heer et al, 2022). Factors such as low socioeconomic status, low level of schooling, instability in the family environment, living in an unsafe environment, illicit drug use, experiencing situations of prejudice for engaging in commercial sex or having same-sex relationships were related to the higher occurrence of psychiatric disorders in people with HIV infection (Ironson et al, 2017;Dale et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Impact of psychiatric disorders on antiretroviral therapy response of patients with HIV

Távora,

Farias,

Jorge

et al. 2023

RSD

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Background: Psychiatric disorders (PD) are prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). PD occurrence in PLWHA contributes to higher rates of risky sexual behaviors and non-adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). Aim: The present study aimed to analyze the influence of PD on ART response of PLWHA. Methods: Retrospective cohort of PLWHA followed at a referral center in northeast Brazil, which was classified into two groups: individuals with and without PD. Demographic, behavioral, follow-up adherence and ART response-related variables were analyzed. Results: Of the 443 patients, 5.4% had a diagnosis of PD. Depression was the most prevalent one (66.6%). Both groups were similar in regard to epidemiological and behavioral variables. Although a higher percentage of patients without PD reported 100% adherence to ART (89.3%), there were no differences when comparing service retention rates, number of ART regimens used, mean CD4 T-lymphocyte levels and presence of undetectable viral load at the last appointment. Patients with PD, however, showed lower CD4 T-lymphocyte increase. Conclusion: The incidence of PD was low, with the most prevalent one being depression. There was no difference regarding ART response when comparing the two groups, except for the magnitude of immune response (CD4 T-lymphocyte increase) of the patients with PD, which was lower.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Impact of psychiatric disorders on antiretroviral therapy response of patients with HIV

Távora,

Farias,

Jorge

et al. 2023

RSD

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“…It is important to note that mental health may be another factor impacting the relationship between social support and adherence—leading to loss in following up HIV care or discontinuing ART. DiGennaro and colleagues found very high prevalence of mental health disorders among youth living with HIV—nearly three-quarters reported a mental health disorder (e.g., anxiety, depression, PTSD, or drug or alcohol misuse) compared with 35% among youth not living with HIV [ 57 ]. Stigma and mental health are closely related, as are psychosocial support and social support, DiGennaro and colleagues highlight the importance of mental health in its relation to HIV, stigma, and ART adherence, and suggest the need for integration of mental health services into general health services [ 57 , 58 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DiGennaro and colleagues found very high prevalence of mental health disorders among youth living with HIV—nearly three-quarters reported a mental health disorder (e.g., anxiety, depression, PTSD, or drug or alcohol misuse) compared with 35% among youth not living with HIV [ 57 ]. Stigma and mental health are closely related, as are psychosocial support and social support, DiGennaro and colleagues highlight the importance of mental health in its relation to HIV, stigma, and ART adherence, and suggest the need for integration of mental health services into general health services [ 57 , 58 ]. Although not a focus of this paper, such services would likely support OPLWH who are experiencing stigma and worry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Support for Improved ART Adherence and Retention in Care among Older People Living with HIV in Urban South Africa: A Complex Balance between Disclosure and Stigma

Knight

Schatz

2022

IJERPH

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The number of older people living with HIV (OPLWH) (aged 50-plus) in South Africa is increasing as people age with HIV or are newly infected. OPLWH are potentially vulnerable because of the intersection of age-related and HIV stigmas, co-morbidities, and lack of social support. Evidence from younger populations suggests that social support can improve ART adherence and retention in care. Further, HIV status disclosure plays a role in mediating social support and may reduce stigma by facilitating access to social support. This paper draws on qualitative research with OPLWH to explore the complex associations between disclosure, social support, and HIV stigma among OPLWH in urban Western Cape. The findings demonstrate that OPLWH receive most of their support from their family and this support can facilitate adherence to ART and retention in care. However, social support is facilitated by participants’ disclosure, thus, when perceived stigma limits disclosure, social support is less accessible. Gender, age, and pre-existing vulnerability also affect disclosure to and support from kin and community. Given that social support, particularly from family members, amplifies HIV care access and ART adherence, encouraging disclosure stimulating household HIV competency is likely to both address anticipated stigma and support improved OPLWH’s health outcomes.

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“…The outcome measures were PTSD, depression, and anxiety; these were measured using adapted and validated tools for low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) ( 34–36 ) including Mozambique ( 37–39 ). The primary care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5) was used to determine the presence of posttraumatic stress symptoms over the last month ( 40 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5) was used to determine the presence of posttraumatic stress symptoms over the last month ( 40 ). It is a 5-item screen designed to identify individuals with probable PTSD in primary care settings in high-income countries ( 41 ) and it has been validated for use in LMIC adolescents living with HIV infection in South Africa ( 36 ) and Mozambique ( 37 ). Each of the five items was rated on a binary scale (0 = No, 1 = Yes) ( 40 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders among internally displaced people by armed conflict in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique: a cross-sectional community-based study

Manafe,

Ismael-Mulungo,

Ponda

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundHumanitarian emergencies are a major global health challenge with the potential to have a profound impact on people’s mental and psychological health. Displacement is a traumatic event that disrupts families and affects physical and psychological health at all ages. A person may endure or witness a traumatic incident, such as being exposed to war, and, as a result, develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is a lack of information about post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety disorder in low and middle-income countries in humanitarian emergency contexts such as Mozambique. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PTSD, depression, and anxiety, and associated factors among armed conflict survivors in Cabo Delgado, north region of Mozambique in 2023.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January and April 2023 among 750 participants, who were selected by convenience. A face-to-face interview used the Primary Care Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PC-PTSD-5) to evaluate PTSD, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) to evaluate anxiety and the Patient Health Questionnaire – Mozambique (PHQ-9 MZ) to evaluate depression. The association between PTSD and demographic and psychosocial characteristics was analyzed using bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression. We used a 5% significance level.ResultsThe three mental disorders assessed were highly prevalent in our sample with 74.3% PTSD, 63.8% depression, and 40.0% anxiety. The chance of developing PTSD was higher in females (AOR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.50–3.51), in patients with depression symptoms (AOR = 8.27, 95% CI = 4.97–13.74) and anxiety symptoms (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI = 0.84–2.50).ConclusionThis study reported that the prevalence of PTSD, depression, and anxiety were high. Patients having depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and being female are more at risk of developing PTSD. There is a need to integrate screening for common mental disorders in the context of humanitarian emergencies and its adapted integration of psychosocial interventions.

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High Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders in Adolescents and Youth Living with HIV: An Observational Study from Eight Health Services in Sofala Province, Mozambique

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Impact of psychiatric disorders on antiretroviral therapy response of patients with HIV

Impact of psychiatric disorders on antiretroviral therapy response of patients with HIV

Social Support for Improved ART Adherence and Retention in Care among Older People Living with HIV in Urban South Africa: A Complex Balance between Disclosure and Stigma

Prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders among internally displaced people by armed conflict in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique: a cross-sectional community-based study

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