High Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Related Demographic Factors in North of Iran: Results from the PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study

Abstract

Introduction. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has increased in recent decades around the world and is currently reaching epidemic levels as it is a major public health and clinical concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its related demographic factors in a population-based study. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, the target population consisted of 10520 individuals aged 35–70 years in Phase 1 of the Persian Guilan cohort study (Guilan site/Some’e Sara) that was conducted in 2014–2017. Demographic, anthropometric, blood pressure, and biochemical data were used in this study. The IDF definitions were used to diagnose the metabolic syndrome. Results. The prevalence of the syndrome according to IDF and ATP definition was 42.87% (95% CI: 41.92–41.81) and 40.68% (95% CI: 39.74–41.62), respectively. The prevalence of components for central obesity, high triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, blood glucose, and hypertension components was 75.8%, 43.1%, 40.6%, 39.2% and 37.9%, respectively. All demographic variables were related to the syndrome, and among them age, gender, and residence were identified as independent and strong predictive variables in the regression model. More than 92% of the population had at least one component of the syndrome. Conclusion. The results of the study show a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome risk factors. It is essential to educate healthy lifestyle behaviors and further health education in the high-risk groups identified in this study, especially the elderly, women, and rural residents.

Meat consumption and the risk of general and central obesity: the Shahedieh study

“…The prevalence of general and central obesity in our study was 66.0% and 45.33%, respectively. The prevalence of central obesity in the Persian Guilan cohort study (Guilan site/Some'e Sara) on 10,520 individuals aged 35-70 years was 75.8% [26].…”

Potential of four definitions of metabolic syndrome to discriminate individuals with different 10-year cardiovascular disease risk scores: a cross-sectional analysis of an Iranian cohort

“… 41 42 In Iran, multiple studies reported the prevalence of Mets differently; 34.7% by NCEP ATP III and 37.4% by IDF, 43 37% by IDF and 33.8% by NCEP ATP III, 44 42.87% by IDF and 40.68% by NCEP ATP III. 45 According to the Isfahan Healthy Heart Program, the age-adjusted prevalence of Mets was reported to be 23.3% according to the NCEP ATP III definition in urban and rural populations of three cities of Iran. 41 In all definitions, except WHO, the prevalence of Mets was higher in women.…”

“…Mets is considered as a frequent disorder in Iranian population as well,40 and people living in urban areas were recognised as more risky ones in comparison with rural residents 41 42. In Iran, multiple studies reported the prevalence of Mets differently; 34.7% by NCEP ATP III and 37.4% by IDF,43 37% by IDF and 33.8% by NCEP ATP III,44 42.87% by IDF and 40.68% by NCEP ATP III 45. According to the Isfahan Healthy Heart Program, the age-adjusted prevalence of Mets was reported to be 23.3% according to the NCEP ATP III definition in urban and rural populations of three cities of Iran 41.…”

Pairing 3D-Printing with Nanotechnology to Manage Metabolic Syndrome

“…These risk factors include waist circumference; high triglyceride; lower HDL cholesterol; high blood pressure or previously diagnosed hypertension; high fasting plasma glucose (≥100 mg/dl) or previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. 2 , 8 According to the National Diabetes Statistics Report, a periodic publication of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published in 2020, about 34.2 million people of all ages (10.5% of the US population) had diabetes. About 34.1 million adults aged 18 years or older (or 13.0% of all US adults) had diabetes.…”