High prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mixed infection in the capital of moderate tuberculosis incidence country

Hajimiri, Elahe Sadat; Masoomi, Morteza; Ebrahimzadeh, Nayereh; Fateh, Abolfazl; Tasbiti, Alireza Hadizadeh; Jamnani, Fatemeh Rahimi; Bahrmand, Ahmadreza; Mirsaeidi, Mehdi; Vaziri, Farzam; Siadat, Seyed Davar

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2016.02.015

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Mixed infection in Kampala, Uganda (7.1%), South Africa (9%), Georgia (13.1%), the capital of Iran (26.6%), and Tehran province, Iran (53%) was higher than in our study [5,11,[26][27][28]. In our opinion, the high frequency of mixed infections in these studies is related to the high prevalence of HIV positive individuals, including the samples from patients died in the area with a high prevalence of HIV, hospitalized prisoners, and patients with a history of TB with various antibiotic resistance patterns, as well as having been carried on in a congested city with a large number of Afghan immigrants likewise immigrants play a critical role in TB transmission and increase the disease's cases [5,11,[26][27][28][29][30]. Allele frequency was four in locus 26, a figure higher than the other loci.…”

Section: N Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…In mixed infection there is more than one allele in at least two MIRU Loci, while in microevolution two alleles are detected in only one locus [11,14]. MIRU-VNTR has 2,4,10,16,20,23,24,26,27,31,39, 40, A, B, C loci with good diversity that are suitable for examining mixed infection [9]. Mixed infection is one of the obstacles to comprehensive TB control and eradication because it is not easy to diagnose drug resistance when a patient is infected with both sensitive and resistant strains [15].…”

Section: N Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mixed tuberculosis infections in Northwest of Iran

et al. 2021

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Primary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection doesn't provide protection against secondary infection and patients can suffer from multiple strains of M. tuberculosis simultaneously. The aim of this study was to use molecular genotyping to identify cases of mixed infection in Northwest of Iran. One hundred and twenty-one positive culture isolates of M. tuberculosis were prepared from patients consecutively in Northwest of Iran from March 2017 to March 2018 and then microevolution and mix infection were assessed using the mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VN-TR) method.

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Section: N Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Section: N Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed tuberculosis infections in Northwest of Iran

et al. 2021

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“…This demonstrated the high prevalence of polyclonal infection in these TB patients. In comparison with our previous study in which genotyping was performed on cultures, the current study demonstrates that direct genotyping better reveals the polyclonal infection10. The strength of direct genotyping was that the results were not limited only to patients with positive smears and cultures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Evaluation of the impact of polyclonal infection and heteroresistance on treatment of tuberculosis patients

Kamakoli

Sadegh

Farmanfarmaei

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Mixed strain infections of Mycobacterium tuberculosis make diagnosis, treatment, and control of tuberculosis (TB) more difficult. This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between mixed infections, antibiotic resistance patterns and treatment of TB patients. In this study, among 2850 suspected TB clinical samples, a total of ninety-six clinical samples from 66 TB confirmed patients were subjected to the 24-locus variable-number tandem repeat method to evaluate the prevalence of mixed infections. For all studied strains, 288 colonies (three individual clones for each sample) were isolated from different colonies and separately analyzed by the Drug Susceptibility Test (DST). For all patients, follow up was done after 6 months of treatment. Based on direct 24 loci MIRU-VNTR, in the 66 TB patients, 53% (35/66) showed mixed infection. In the mixed samples, 45.71% (16/35) showed different antibiotic resistant patterns. Among the mixed infection patients, eight (22.9%; 8/35) showed treatment failure after six- month therapy. Six of these non-treated patients (75%; 6/8) had different antibiotic resistant patterns. We conclude that mixed infections, have a negative impact on treatment of TB patients especially when co-infecting M. tuberculosis strains display heteroresistance.

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“…Many factors may affect the codon usage in Mycobacterium tuberculosis , such as mutation pressure [ 12 ], gene length [ 13 ], and natural selection [ 14 ]. Most previous studies deal with the relatively smaller set of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates [ 15 , 16 ] or the isolates from one area [ 17 , 18 ]. In this paper, genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from 12 areas is compared and analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Analysis and Comparison on the Codon Usage Pattern of Whole Mycobacterium tuberculosis Coding Genome from Different Area

Ren

Haixian

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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Phenomenon of unequal use of synonymous codons in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is common. Codon usage bias not only plays an important regulatory role at the level of gene expression, but also helps in improving the accuracy and efficiency of translation. Meanwhile, codon usage pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome is important for interpreting evolutionary characteristics in species. In order to investigate the codon usage pattern of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome, 12 Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomes from different area are downloaded from the GeneBank. The correlations between G3, GC12, whole GC content, codon adaptation index, codon bias index, and so on of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomes are calculated. The ENC-plot, relationship between A3/(A3 + T3) and G3/(G3 + C3), GC12 versus GC3 plot, and the RSCU of overall/separated genomes all show that the codon usage bias exists in all 12 Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomes. Lastly, relationship between CBI and the equalization of ENC shows a strong negative correlation between them. The relationship between protein length and GC content (GC3 and GC12) shows that more obvious differences in the GC content may be in shorter protein. These results show that codon usage bias existing in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomes could be used for further study on their evolutionary phenomenon.

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High prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mixed infection in the capital of moderate tuberculosis incidence country

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Mixed tuberculosis infections in Northwest of Iran

Mixed tuberculosis infections in Northwest of Iran

Evaluation of the impact of polyclonal infection and heteroresistance on treatment of tuberculosis patients

Comprehensive Analysis and Comparison on the Codon Usage Pattern of Whole Mycobacterium tuberculosis Coding Genome from Different Area

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