High prevalence of persistent smell loss and qualitative smell dysfunction during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in the United States: Urgent need for clinical trials

Lechner, Matt; Liu, Jacklyn; Counsell, Nicholas; Yan, Carol H.; Paun, Santdeep; Eynon-Lewis, Nicholas; Sutton, Liam; Jayaraj, Samuel; Batterham, Rachel L.; Hopkins, Claire; Philpott, Carl; Lund, Valerie J.; Hatter, Matthew J.; Abdelwahab, Mohamed; Holsinger, F. Christopher; Capasso, Robson; Nayak, Jayakar V.; Hwang, Peter H.; Patel, Zara M.

doi:10.1002/alr.23100

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Our cohort had a self-reported OD incidence of 36 %. This rate is higher than several prior studies evaluating PACS (19–32 %) and lower than other studies (47–98 %) [ 24 , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] ]. Differences in anosmia prevalence may reflect shifts in the SARS-CoV-2 strain over time, as well as geographic differences in patient populations.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Olfactory dysfunction incidence and resolution amongst 608 patients with COVID-19 infection

Cabrera

Quereshy

et al. 2023

American Journal of Otolaryngology

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Olfactory dysfunction incidence and resolution amongst 608 patients with COVID-19 infection

Cabrera

Quereshy

et al. 2023

American Journal of Otolaryngology

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“…Steroids, olfactory training, and adoptive stem cell therapies have been investigated for loss of smell [179,180], but drugs that target immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, or T cells might provide an alternative approach given the impact of sustained inflammation. There has been a dramatic increase in patients with long-term smell loss due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and there is an urgent need for therapeutic interventions to help these individuals [181]. We are just beginning to understand the role of olfactory immunity in infectious disease, but the future promises more exciting advances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory immune response to SARS-CoV-2

Wellford,

Moseman

2023

Cell Mol Immunol

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Numerous pathogens can infect the olfactory tract, yet the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has strongly emphasized the importance of the olfactory mucosa as an immune barrier. Situated in the nasal passages, the olfactory mucosa is directly exposed to the environment to sense airborne odorants; however, this also means it can serve as a direct route of entry from the outside world into the brain. As a result, olfactotropic infections can have serious consequences, including dysfunction of the olfactory system, CNS invasion, dissemination to the lower respiratory tract, and transmission between individuals. Recent research has shown that a distinctive immune response is needed to protect this neuronal and mucosal tissue. A better understanding of innate, adaptive, and structural immune barriers in the olfactory mucosa is needed to develop effective therapeutics and vaccines against olfactotropic microbes such as SARS-CoV-2. Here, we summarize the ramifications of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the olfactory mucosa, review the subsequent immune response, and discuss important areas of future research for olfactory immunity to infectious disease.

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High prevalence of persistent smell loss and qualitative smell dysfunction during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in the United States: Urgent need for clinical trials

Cited by 2 publications

References 11 publications

Olfactory dysfunction incidence and resolution amongst 608 patients with COVID-19 infection

Olfactory dysfunction incidence and resolution amongst 608 patients with COVID-19 infection

Olfactory immune response to SARS-CoV-2

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