High prevalence of skeletal deformity and reduced gill surface area in triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Sadler, J; Pankhurst, Patricia M.; King, HR

doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(01)00508-7

Cited by 143 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the past, poor performance of triploid fish in comparison to diploids, especially under conditions of high O 2 demand, has been suggested to be related to changes to their respiratory physiology and therefore hypoxia tolerance (Benfey, 1999). However, poor growth performance and increased prevalence of deformities in triploids has been refuted in more recent studies (O'Flynn et al, 1997;Oppedal et al, 2003;Sadler et al, 2001;Taylor et al, 2011), suggesting that triploid salmon can perform as well as diploid Growth hormone transgenesis and polyploidy increase metabolic rate, alter the cardiorespiratory response and influence HSP expression in response to acute hypoxia in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) yolk-sac alevins siblings. Differences in hematological parameters associated with triploidy, as well as a reduction in gill surface area and metabolism, have been reported for salmonid fish (Benfey, 1999), but the physiological effect of triploidy remains poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth hormone transgenesis and polyploidy increase metabolic rate, alter the cardiorespiratory response and influence HSP expression to acute hypoxia in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) yolk-sac alevins

Polymeropoulos

Plouffe

LeBlanc

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Growth hormone (GH)-transgenic Atlantic salmon display accelerated growth rates compared with non-transgenics. GH-transgenic fish also display cardiorespiratory and metabolic modifications that accompany the increased growth rate. An elevated routine metabolic rate has been described for pre-and post-smolt GH-transgenic salmon that also display improvements in oxygen delivery to support the increased aerobic demand. The early ontogenic effects of GH transgenesis on the respiratory and cellular physiology of fish, especially during adverse environmental conditions, and the effect of polyploidy are unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of GH transgenesis and polyploidy on metabolic, heart and ventilation rates and heat shock protein (HSP) levels after exposure to acute hypoxia in post-hatch Atlantic salmon yolk-sac alevins. Metabolic rate decreased with decreasing partial pressures of oxygen in all genotypes. In normoxia, triploid transgenics displayed the highest mass-specific metabolic rates in comparison to diploid transgenics and non-transgenic triploids, which, in contrast, had higher rates than diploid non-transgenics. In hypoxia, we observed a lower massspecific metabolic rate in diploid non-transgenics compared with all other genotypes. However, no evidence for improved O 2 uptake through heart or ventilation rate was found. Heart rate decreased in diploid non-transgenics while ventilation rate decreased in both diploid non-transgenics and triploid transgenics in severe hypoxia. Regardless of genotype or treatment, inducible HSP70 was not expressed in alevins. Following hypoxia, the constitutive isoform of HSP70, HSC70, decreased in transgenics and HSP90 expression decreased in all genotypes. These data suggest that physiological changes through GH transgenesis and polyploidy are manifested during early ontogeny in Atlantic salmon.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth hormone transgenesis and polyploidy increase metabolic rate, alter the cardiorespiratory response and influence HSP expression to acute hypoxia in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) yolk-sac alevins

Polymeropoulos

Plouffe

LeBlanc

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…However, triploid salmon often exhibit higher mortality rates and higher incidence of deformities (e.g. shortened opercula, jaw abnormalities), reduced gill surface area, and impaired oxygen carrying capacity due to the altered size and shape of the red blood cells (O'Flynn et al 1997, Sadler et al 2001. Triploidy can also affect the pathogen susceptibility/ resistance, and, in general, triploid salmonids appear to be less resistant to various pathogens than diploid fish (Dunham 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Gyrodactylus salaris infection rate in triploid Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Ozerov¹,

Lumme²,

Päkk³

et al. 2010

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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We describe an unusually high infection rate of Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg in juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. of Baltic Sea origin, which are generally believed to be more resistant to G. salaris than East Atlantic salmon populations. Based on analyses of mitochondrial (complete cytochrome oxidase 1 [CO1] gene, 1548 bp) and nuclear (ADNAM1, 435 bp; internal transcribed spacer [ITS] rDNA region, 1232 bp) DNA fragments, the closest relatives of the characterized Estonian G. salaris strain were parasites found off the Swedish west coast and in Raasakka hatchery, Iijoki (Baltic Sea, Finland). Analyses of 14 microsatellite loci of the host S. salar revealed that approximately 40% of studied fish were triploids. We subsequently identified triploid Atlantic salmon of Baltic origin as more susceptible to G. salaris infection than their diploid counterparts, possibly due to compromised complement-dependent immune pathways in triploid salmon. This is in accordance with earlier studies that have shown elevated susceptibility of triploids to various viral or bacterial pathogens, and represents one of the first reports of increased susceptibility of triploid salmonid fish to an ectoparasite. However, further experimental work is needed to determine whether triploid Atlantic salmon is generally more susceptible to G. salaris compared to their diploid counterparts, irrespective of the particular triploidization method and population of origin. KEY WORDS: Atlantic salmon · Gyrodactylus salaris · Pathogen susceptibility · Triploid · Microsatellites · Baltic Sea Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 91: [129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136] 2010 tect significant differences in susceptibility between diploid and triploid fish. For example, both diploid and triploid rainbow trout exposed to Vibrio ordalii, Aeromonas salmonicida, or infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus demonstrated similar mortality rates (Yamamoto & Iida 1995). Similar mortality rates between diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon were also observed after experimental infection with Renibacterium salmoninarum (Bruno & Johnstone 1990).Gyrodactylosis is a parasitic disease of salmonid fishes caused by the viviparous ectoparasite monogenean flatworm Gyrodactylus salaris, which belongs to the G. wageneri species-group, of the subgenus Limnonephrotus (family Gyrodactylidae, Malmberg, 1957). Due to 'hyperviviparity' (also known as a 'Russian doll' style of reproduction), combined with a rapid generation time, it reproduces fast, and in a matter of weeks a single worm can produce thousands of progeny , Buchmann 2008. G. salaris damages fish not only by consuming mucus and epithelial cells of the host but also by piercing the fish epithelium with its hooklets, compromising its osmoregulatory function, and leaving it vulnerable to fungal and bacterial infections. Importantly, Atlantic salmon populations exhibit marked differences in susceptibility to G. salaris infection, with populations fr...

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“…A deviation, irreversible, natural or induced, morphology of fish could then be induced (Divanach et al, 1996). In the wild population, the incidences of fish abnormalities are rare (Boglione et al, 2001), and if they happened, they usually considered as an indication of a discrepancy in the habitats that the fish living in genetic or epigenetic could be behind the causes of abnormalities in fishes (Afonso et al, 2000;Sadler et al, 2001). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Lordosis in <i>Puntius kamalika</i> (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) Collected from Colombo District, Sri Lanka

Jawad¹,

Sudasinghe²

2017

ija

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Cases of lordosis including one flexion is described in one specimen of Puntius kamalika. To estimate the severances of lordosis several morphometric measurements of the vertebrae were taken in addition to the angle found in between the two sides of the lordotic vertebrae. The depth of the curvature is also measured to estimate the severity of the case. Causes of these cases were of anomalies were discussed.

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High prevalence of skeletal deformity and reduced gill surface area in triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Cited by 143 publications

References 21 publications

Growth hormone transgenesis and polyploidy increase metabolic rate, alter the cardiorespiratory response and influence HSP expression to acute hypoxia in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) yolk-sac alevins

Growth hormone transgenesis and polyploidy increase metabolic rate, alter the cardiorespiratory response and influence HSP expression to acute hypoxia in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) yolk-sac alevins

High Gyrodactylus salaris infection rate in triploid Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Incidence of Lordosis in <i>Puntius kamalika</i> (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) Collected from Colombo District, Sri Lanka

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