High prevalence of type 41 and high sequence diversity of partial hexon gene of human adenoviruses in municipal raw sewage and activated sludge

Kuo, Hsion-Wen; Chen, L.‐Z.; Shih, Mei‐Chiang

doi:10.1111/jam.12907

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The increase in the prevalence of HAdV may be associated with antigenic drift [52][53][54]. In water matrices, the genotype 41 is also the most prevalent genotype in several regions worldwide such as Michigan, Poland, Norway, South Africa, Tunisia, Taiwan, Singapore, Germany, Italy [10,29,31,32,[55][56][57][58]. These data strengthen the results obtained in this study that also point the genotype 41 as the most prevalent in the capital of Brazil.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Studies assessing the prevalence of HAdVs in wastewater and seasonality have shown conflicting results. This may be explained by the climatic and environmental conditions and linked to the variation and the specificity of the climate in each region [10,30,32,58,59]. Here, the sampling method did not allow the assessment of seasonality, and any conclusion would be mere speculation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Detection and molecular characterization of enteric adenovirus in treated wastewater in the Brazilian Federal District

et al. 2021

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Human enteric viruses, such as enteric adenoviruses (HAdV), are known to be involved with gastrointestinal disorders, especially acute gastroenteritis. Several studies have used HAdV as an indicator of water quality, since they are considered highly stable and widely distributed viruses in water matrices. The aim of this study was to detect and genotype HAdVs in water matrices impacted by discharges of treated effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Wastewater treatment plants from the sanitary system of the Brazilian Federal District were assessed in 2018 and 2019. Samples were collected upstream and downstream from discharge points for each WWTP. Viral concentration based on adsorption-elution and conventional PCR was used for molecular detection, and positive samples were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Pluviosity data for the period in which the samples were collected were obtained. Our results demonstrated the presence of HAdVs in 27.2% (61/224) of the samples. The positivity was significantly higher in downstream samples compared to upstream. Moreover, the HAdV positivity was higher in downstream samples collected from receiving water bodies impacted by secondary-level WWTPs in comparison with those impacted by tertiary-level WWTPs. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the presence of genotypes 40 and 41, with prevalence of HAdV genotype 41. Despite the predominance of HAdV-41, an increasing frequency of the HAdV-40 was associated with higher pluviosity. In conclusion, this study is the first documentation in the Brazilian Federal District dealing with the prevalence and diversity of HAdVs in several WWTP, along with their correlation with rainfall index.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Detection and molecular characterization of enteric adenovirus in treated wastewater in the Brazilian Federal District

et al. 2021

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“…Estimated abundance appeared to be in concordance with the range reported previously by other investigators. Myrmel and coworkers detected 10 5.8 to 10 6.2 genomic copies/L of AdV in a study conducted in Norway [37], while Kuo et al detected approximately 3.8 ± 0.5 × 10 5 viral particles per liter of raw sewage in Taiwan [38]. Similarly, EV concentrations ranged from 10 2.7 copies/L in a New Orleans, US study [39] and as high as 1.5 × 10 5 to 1.2 × 10 8 copies per L in an analysis done in Japan [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane Bioreactor-Based Wastewater Treatment Plant in Saudi Arabia: Reduction of Viral Diversity, Load, and Infectious Capacity

Jumat

Hasan

Subramanian

et al. 2017

Water

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A membrane bioreactor (MBR)-based wastewater treatment plant in Saudi Arabia was assessed over a nine-month period for virus removal efficiency. Viral diversity was detected using omics-based approaches. Log reduction values (LRV) of Adenoviruses (AdV) and Enteroviruses (EV) were enumerated using digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) and assessed for infectivity using fluorescence-based infection assays. MBR treatment was successful in reducing viral diversity. Plant viruses remained abundant in the treated effluent. Human enteric viruses were present in lower abundance than plant viruses, and were reduced by MBR at varying LRV. AdV copy numbers were reduced by 3.7-log. Infectious AdV was not detected in the effluent. EV copy numbers were reduced by 1.7-log post MBR and infectious EV decreased by an average of 2.0-log. Infectious EV was detected in the chlorinated effluent, occasionally in concentrations that approximate to its 50% infectious dose. Overall, results indicated that a MBR-based wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effectively reduces viral diversity, viral load, and infectious capacity by up to 4-logs. These findings suggest potential concerns associated with plant and human enteric viruses for reuse events in this country. Local guidelines for assessment of treated water quality should take into consideration both infectious viral concentration and LRV.

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“…Enteric adenoviruses are reported to cause 5 to 31% of the infant and child acute gastroenteritis in developing countries and pose a high pathogenic opportunity in immune-compromised patients (Farkas and Jiang, 2006;Magwalivha et al, 2010). Enteric adenoviruses have been detected in surface water and wastewater (Fong et al, 2010;Grondahl-Rosado et al, 2014;Kuo et al, 2015;Qiu et al, 2015), and are listed on Contaminant Candidate List 3 (CCL3) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List 3-Final Notice (2009). Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, due to its exceptional germicidal effect toward a wide range of microorganisms with minimal generation of byproducts in water, has been increasingly applied for water and wastewater disinfection (Blatchley et al, 2007;Hijnen et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing UV Inactivation of Adenovirus 41 Using Integrated Cell Culture Real‐Time qPCR/RT‐qPCR

Ding

Craik²,

Pang³

et al. 2017

Water Environment Research

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Enteric adenoviruses are among most UV-resistant viruses in water. Cytopathic effects (CPE)-based cell culture TCID50 assay as a conventional virus assessment approach has major drawbacks for enteric adenovirus since it is selective on cell lines and takes longer time to show CPE. Integrated cell culture real-time quantitative PCR (ICC-qPCR) and reverse transcriptase (RT)-qPCR were applied in this study, in comparison with TCID50, to assess UV inactivation of adenovirus type 41 (Ad41) in water. Adenovirus type 41 was exposed to UV doses of 40, 80, 160, and 320 mJ/cm2 using a collimated beam apparatus. There was no significant difference of inactivation at conducted UV doses between measurements using TCID50 assay and ICC-RT-qPCR. Both assays fitted the Chick-Watson model at 95% confidence level. The inactivation measured by ICC-qPCR did not fit the Chick-Watson model. In summary, ICC-RT-qPCR is the most appropriate alternate to CPE-based assay for assessing UV inactivation of enteric adenoviruses.

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High prevalence of type 41 and high sequence diversity of partial hexon gene of human adenoviruses in municipal raw sewage and activated sludge

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

Detection and molecular characterization of enteric adenovirus in treated wastewater in the Brazilian Federal District

Detection and molecular characterization of enteric adenovirus in treated wastewater in the Brazilian Federal District

Membrane Bioreactor-Based Wastewater Treatment Plant in Saudi Arabia: Reduction of Viral Diversity, Load, and Infectious Capacity

Assessing UV Inactivation of Adenovirus 41 Using Integrated Cell Culture Real‐Time qPCR/RT‐qPCR

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