High prevalence of vancomycin non-susceptible and multi-drug resistant enterococci in farmed animals and fresh retail meats in Bangladesh

Samad, Mohammed A.; Sagor, Md Shahjalal; Hossain, Muhammad Sazzad; Karim, Md. Rezaul; Mahmud, Mohammad Asheak; Sarker, Samun; Shownaw, Fahria A.; Mia, Zakaria; Card, Roderick M.; Agunos, Agnes; Lindahl, Johanna F.

doi:10.1007/s11259-022-09906-7

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In addition, employing antimicrobial agents for disease treatment or prevention may apply selective force to both harmful bacteria and symbiotic microorganisms present in the digestive system of seafood. While antibiotic resistance in enterococci isolates has been documented across different origins in Bangladesh [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ], there are a lack of data regarding the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in these bacteria specifically in seafood. In this study, all the 41 E. faecium isolates were resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial agents and ≥3 antimicrobial classes (MDR), where a higher resistance was exhibited against penicillin, erythromycin, vancomycin, linezolid, tetracycline, and ampicillin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Profiles and Virulence Determinants in Biofilm-Forming Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Raw Seafood in Bangladesh

Ullah,

Islam,

Rana

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Pathogenic, antibiotic-resistant, and biofilm-forming bacteria can be transferred to humans through the consumption of contaminated seafood. The present study was carried out to determine antibiotic resistance profiles and virulence determinants in biofilm-forming Enterococcus faecium isolated from seafood in Bangladesh. A total of 150 seafood samples, including shrimp (n = 50), crabs (n = 25), and marine fish (n = 75), were screened using cultural, staining, biochemical, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Congo red (CR), and disk diffusion (DD) assays. In PCR, E. faecium was detected in 27.3% (41/150; CI95% 20.8; 34.9) of samples, where marine fish (34.7%, CI95% 24.9; 45.9) had the highest prevalence (p < 0.05) compared to crabs (32%, CI95% 17.2; 51.6) and shrimp (14%, CI95% 7.0; 26.1). Thirty-two (78.1%, CI95% 63.3; 88.0) of the E. faecium isolates were determined to be biofilm formers in the CR test, where 43.9% (18/41, CI95% 29.9; 59.0) and 34.2% (14/41, CI95% 21.6; 49.5) of the isolates were strong and intermediate biofilm formers, respectively. In PCR, virulence genes, i.e., pil (100%), ace (92.7%), agg (68.3%), fsrA (65.9%), gelE (63.4%), sprE (53.7%), fsrB (51.2%), and fsrC (43.9%), were detected in E. faecium isolates. All the E. faecium isolates were phenotypically resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial categories and ≥3 antibiotics, including WHO-classified reserve antibiotics linezolid (70.7%) and fosfomycin (19.5%). Moreover, the multiple antibiotic resistance index ranged up to 0.8, showing resistance to ten antibiotics and eight antibiotic classes. In this study, the prevalence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in strong biofilm-forming E. faecium strains as compared to strains with intermediate and non-biofilm-forming abilities. As far as we know, this study, for the first time in Bangladesh, determined antibiotic resistance and detected virulence genes in biofilm-forming E. faecium isolated from seafood samples. The data from this study could play a significant role in evaluating potential health hazards linked to the ingestion of uncooked or minimally processed seafood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Profiles and Virulence Determinants in Biofilm-Forming Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Raw Seafood in Bangladesh

Ullah,

Islam,

Rana

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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“…Methicillin-resistant S. aureus is not only a recognized source of infection in hospitals ( 56 ) but also outside healthcare setups. The excessive use of vancomycin to treat MRSA increases the selective pressure of vancomycin in the population, leading to higher VISAs and VRSA strains ( 57 ). The introduction of food animals into Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci production systems was mostly linked to the widespread use of sub-treatment avoparcin to promote the growth of animals in Europe and other countries since the mid-1990s.…”

Section: Public Health Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, evidence of various molecular typing techniques brought forward a strong correlation between VREs or genetic determinants in animals and humans. These links between animals and human VRE carriers have not been proven to be causal but show that there are several reverse transmissions from wild animals and plants ( 57 ).…”

Section: Public Health Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vancomycin drug resistance, an emerging threat to animal and public health

Aqib

Alsayeqh

2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The need to supply quality food for the growing human population has led to the revolutionization of food production and processing in recent years. Meanwhile, food production sources are at risk of microbial attack, while the use of antibiotics to counter them is posing another threat to food safety and security. Vancomycin was used as the first line of defense against multiple drug-resistant bacteria salient of which is methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The emergence of the vancomycin resistance gene in bacteria impairs the efficacy of antibiotics on the one hand while its harmful residues impart food safety concerns on the other. Currently, a novel set of resistance genes “Van cluster” is circulating in a wider range of bacteria. Considerable economic losses in terms of low production and food safety are associated with this emerging resistance. The current review focuses on the emergence of vancomycin resistance and its impact on food safety. The review proposes the need for further research on the probable routes, mechanisms, and implications of vancomycin resistance from animals to humans and vice versa.

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“…The vancomycin resistance in VVE-S can occur from several mechanisms and result in the inducible or constitutive expression of vanH / vanA / vanX cassette [ 6 , 8 – 12 ]. To date, VVE isolates have been reported in Canada [ 7 , 8 , 13 – 15 ], Norway [ 9 , 11 ], Denmark [ 10 , 16 ], South Korea [ 17 ], and very recently in India [ 18 ], Bangladesh [ 19 ], and Australia [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic analysis of vancomycin-variable Enterococcus faecium clinical isolates in Italy

Coccitto,

Cinthi,

Simoni

et al. 2024

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Purpose To investigate the occurrence of vancomycin-variable enterococci (VVE) in a hospital in central Italy. Methods vanA positive but vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium isolates (VVE-S) were characterized by antibiotic susceptibility tests, molecular typing (PFGE and MLST), and WGS approach. The reversion of VVE-S to a resistant phenotype was assessed by exposure to increasing vancomycin concentrations, and the revertant isolates were used in filter mating experiments. qPCR was used to analyze the plasmid copy number. Results Eleven putative VVE-S were selected. WGS revealed two categories of vanA cluster plasmid located: the first type showed the lack of vanR, the deletion of vanS, and an intact vanH/vanA/vanX cluster; the second type was devoid of both vanR and vanS and showed a deletion of 544-bp at the 5′-end of the vanH. Strains (n = 7) carrying the first type of vanA cluster were considered VVE-S and were able to regain a resistance phenotype (VVE-R) in the presence of vancomycin, due to a 44-bp deletion in the promoter region of vanH/vanA/vanX, causing its constitutive expression. VVE-R strains were not able to transfer resistance by conjugation, and the resistance phenotype was unstable: after 11 days of growth without selective pressure, the revertants were still resistant but showed a lower vancomycin MIC. A higher plasmid copy number in the revertant strains was probably related to the resistance phenotype. Conclusion We highlight the importance of VVE transition to VRE under vancomycin therapy resulting in a potential failure treatment. We also report the first-time identification of VVE-S isolates pstS-null belonging to ST1478.

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High prevalence of vancomycin non-susceptible and multi-drug resistant enterococci in farmed animals and fresh retail meats in Bangladesh

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Resistance Profiles and Virulence Determinants in Biofilm-Forming Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Raw Seafood in Bangladesh

Resistance Profiles and Virulence Determinants in Biofilm-Forming Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Raw Seafood in Bangladesh

Vancomycin drug resistance, an emerging threat to animal and public health

Genetic analysis of vancomycin-variable Enterococcus faecium clinical isolates in Italy

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