High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in the Saudi Population:

Kadi, Hanan Al; Sonbo, Hala S.

doi:10.32790/sjim.2015.5.1.9

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…[14] Our study revealed that 30.9% of participants were vitamin D deficient, with females being more affected, which was consistent with a previous study among Saudis. [23] AlFaris et al [24] stated that vitamin D deficiency is a common health problem in Middle Eastern countries, with females being more affected. However, traditional female clothing in Saudi Arabia, diet, education level, and lifestyle may be predisposing factors for vitamin D deficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the relationship between vitamin-D deficiency and glycemia status and lipid profile in nondiabetics and prediabetics in Saudi population

Atia,

Abdelzaher,

Nassar

et al. 2023

Medicine

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Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of developing diabetes, dyslipidemia, and other chronic diseases. We aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency, glycemic levels, and lipid profiles in individuals with prediabetes and nondiabetes. This observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 249 adults who were divided into 2 groups based on the American Diabetes Association classification: nondiabetics and prediabetics. The serum vitamin D levels, lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose levels, hemoglobin A1c levels, fasting insulin levels, and insulin resistance (IR) were evaluated. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in all participants was 30.9%, and mean vitamin D levels were significantly [P = .0004] lower in prediabetics, who were more common in females. Furthermore, prediabetics had significantly higher serum triglycerides [P = .0006], and significantly lower serum high-density lipoprotein levels [P = .0148] than those nondiabetics. Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. 31.4% of all participants were overweight and 40.2% were obese. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between vitamin D levels and IR and body mass indices ≥ 25 in prediabetics [r = −0.92] [P < .001]. Finally, vitamin D levels had a significant inverse relationship with glycemic parameters and IR, particularly in obese participants, but there was no significant relationship with lipid profile. In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency is common in females, regardless of whether they are prediabetics, but is more prevalent in prediabetics. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein levels, but there were no significant changes in total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein levels. Furthermore, vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with both fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels, and its deficiency was strongly associated with IR especially in obese patients despite there being no significant correlation with blood lipids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the relationship between vitamin-D deficiency and glycemia status and lipid profile in nondiabetics and prediabetics in Saudi population

Atia,

Abdelzaher,

Nassar

et al. 2023

Medicine

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“…This, along with vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis, are risk factors for musculoskeletal fractures 37 . Low vitamin D levels may be caused by genetics, traditional dress that reduces skin exposure, low dietary and supplemental vitamin D intake, and avoidance of hot, sunny weather 38 . Although Saudi Arabia’s policymakers attempted to address their country’s hypovitaminosis D by fortifying milk with cholecalciferol, their efforts did not yield material differences in fracture rates because of the limited consumption of dairy products in the country 39 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Burden of Lower-Extremity Fractures in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)

Hoveidaei,

Nakhostin-Ansari,

Heckmann

et al. 2024

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

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Background: Lower-extremity fractures (LEFs) account for >30% of all skeletal injuries, contributing to the global health and economic burden. Fracture epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has been studied little. Health factors and disease epidemiology differ greatly among populations in MENA despite cultural, political, and economic similarities among the region’s countries. This study examined the epidemiology of LEFs and the need for rehabilitation in MENA from 1990 to 2019. Methods: We examined the epidemiology of fractures of the pelvis, hip, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, ankle, and foot bones using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data. Fracture incidence, counts, and rates were measured for males and females across age groups in the 21 MENA countries as identified by the GBD data set. Associations between years of healthy life lost due to disability (YLD) resulting from fracture and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) were analyzed. Results: In contrast to the global trend, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of LEFs in the MENA region increased by 4.57% from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, the highest ASIR among fractures was attributed to fractures of the patella, fibula, tibia, or ankle (434.36 per 100,000), most frequently occurring among those 20 to 24 years of age. In 2019, the highest ASIR of all fractures was noted in Saudi Arabia (2,010.56 per 100,000) and the lowest, in Sudan (523.29 per 100,000). The greatest increases from 1990 to 2019 in the ASIR of LEFs were noted in Yemen (132.39%), Syria (107.27%), and Afghanistan (94.47%), while the largest decreases were found in Kuwait (−62.72%), Sudan (−48.72%), and Iran (−45.37%). In 2019, the YLD rate of LEFs had increased to 277.65 per 100,000, up from 235.55 per 100,000 in 1990. Conclusions: Between 1990 and 2019, LEFs increased in the MENA region. Violence, war, and road traffic accidents increased, leading to a high rate of fractures, especially among youth. Low bone-mineral density related to vitamin D deficiency has also been reported as a risk factor for fracture in the region. Regional health authorities should be informed of fracture patterns by this study. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

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“…Despite the fact that SA is one of the sunniest parts of the world, VDD is common among Saudi people, which underlies the significance of screening for VDD in these populations. [4] VD status is likely already strongly impacted by the lockdown; the majority of VD is produced following sun exposure (which is often not compatible with the requirement to stay at home). [30] Micronutrient deficiencies are associated with various adverse health outcomes, including a weakened immune system, leading to a higher risk of infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] However, vitamin D deficiency (VDD) (25(OH) D < 30 ng/mL in the blood) is very common in the Saudi population. [4] VDD in SA is approximately 64.7% in adults (18−40 years), 45.7% in adults (> 40 years), 69.6% in women, and 49.3% in men. [5] Dietary deficiency in VD is likely an important contributing factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presumably, avoidance of sunlight and extensive covering of the skin by clothing provide an effective barrier to ultraviolet radiation, which leads to a high prevalence of VDD in the Saudi population. [4,6] The increased number of VDD could be an important factor contributing to the spread of COVID-19 among populations with low immunity. [7] There is a worldwide interest in the use of herbal medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge and behaviors of using vitamin D to boost immunity against COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia

Shamlan¹,

Aleanizy²

2022

Medicine

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The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has globally impacted all aspects of life since its emergence and spread. There is a strong biological assumption and progressing epidemiological data supporting the role of vitamin D (VD) in COVID-19 infection. This study aims to determine the knowledge about VD supplements to boost immunity against COVID-19 and if participation in specific behaviors has increased the consumption of VD supplements during social distance restriction in Saudi Arabia (SA) in May 2021. This cross-sectional study used a structured online questionnaire for 2369 SA people, including demographic characteristics and knowledge about VD supplements to boost immunity against COVID-19 showed that there was a significant association between sex and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) (P = .000), and having VDD was strongly associated with having another vitamin deficiency (P = .008). Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between VDD and cardiovascular (P = .027) and respiratory diseases (P = .019). Almost half of the participants used VD supplements to reduce or heal their COVID-19 symptoms. The adverse association between having VDD and understanding of COVID-19 symptoms was statistically significant (P = .01). Ginger is commonly used as an alternative medicine for the treatment of VD. The administration of VD is now known to be of physiological significance for general health, and evidence suggesting the beneficial role of VD in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases, particularly infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, is increasing.

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High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in the Saudi Population:

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Investigating the relationship between vitamin-D deficiency and glycemia status and lipid profile in nondiabetics and prediabetics in Saudi population

Investigating the relationship between vitamin-D deficiency and glycemia status and lipid profile in nondiabetics and prediabetics in Saudi population

Increasing Burden of Lower-Extremity Fractures in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)

Knowledge and behaviors of using vitamin D to boost immunity against COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia

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