High‐production dairy cattle exhibit different rumen and fecal bacterial community and rumen metabolite profile than low‐production cattle

Abstract

Our aim was to simultaneously investigate the gut bacteria typical characteristic and conduct rumen metabolites profiling of high production dairy cows when compared to low‐production dairy cows. The bacterial differences in rumen fluid and feces were identified by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The metabolite differences were identified by metabolomics profiling with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry ( LC ‐ MS ). The results indicated that the high‐production dairy cows presented a lower rumen bacterial richness and species evenness when compared to low‐production dairy cows. At the phylum level, the high‐production cows increased the abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased the abundance of Bacteroidetes, SR 1, Verrucomicrobia, Euryarchaeota, Planctomycetes, Synergistetes, and Chloroflexi significantly ( p < 0.05). At the genus level, the rumen fluid of the high‐production group was significantly enriched for Butyrivibrio , Lachnospira , and Dialister ( p < 0.05). Meanwhile, rumen fluid of high‐production group was depleted for Prevotella, Succiniclasticum, Ruminococcu, Coprococcus, YRC 22, CF 231, 02d06, Anaeroplasma, Selenomonas , and Ruminobacter significantly ( p < 0.05). A total of 92 discriminant metabolites were identified between high‐production cows and low‐production cows. Compared to rumen fluid of low‐production dairy cows, 10 differential metabolites were found up‐regulated in rumen fluid of high‐production dairy cows, including 6alpha‐Fluoropregn‐4‐ene‐3,20‐dione, 3‐Octaprenyl‐4‐hydroxybenzoate, disopyramide, compound III (S), 1,2‐Dimyristyl‐sn‐glycerol, 7,10,13,16‐Docosatetraenoic acid, ferrous lactate, 6‐Deoxyerythronolide B, vitamin D2, L‐Olivosyl‐oleandolide. The remaining differential metabolites were found down‐regulated obviously in high‐production cows. Metabolic pathway analyses indicated that most increased abundances of rumen fluid metabolites of high‐yield cows were related to metabolic pathways involving biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, steroid biosynthesis, ubiquinone and other terpenoid‐quinone biosynthesis. Most down‐regulated metabolic pathways were relevant to nucleotide metabolism, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and biosynthesis of some antibiotics.

Mulberry Leaf Flavonoids Improve Milk Production, Antioxidant, and Metabolic Status of Water Buffaloes

“…These findings are in agreement with earlier study reporting reduction of dietary protein degradation under in vitro conditions when ryegrass grass was supplemented with rutin (68). In addition, studies have reported that lower Prevotella abundance has been observed in high producing cows as compared to low producing dairy cows (69). It is the most likely reason for higher milk yield and protein (%) observed in MLF45 as compared to other treatment groups.…”

Effects of forage rape at various levels on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, rumen fermentation and rumen microbiota of Hu lambs

“…The functional role of Quinella in the rumen fermentation of group Ctrl are yet to be explored. Compared with low-production dairy cows, the rumen fluid of high-production dairy cows was depleted of Anaeroplasma in Tenericutes [21]. As an opportunistic pathogen, the relative absence of Anaeroplasma in lambs fed forage rape might reduce the probability of inflammation in the rumen epithelium [22].…”

Rumen and Fecal Microbial Community Structure of Holstein and Jersey Dairy Cows as Affected by Breed, Diet, and Residual Feed Intake

“…Few studies have looked at both rumen and fecal communities concurrently; however, one study, examining high- vs low-production dairy cattle, observed differences in the ruminal bacteria but not in the feces [41]. In another case, Dill-McFarland et al [42] found the effect of animal age strongly influenced both the rumen and fecal bacterial communities, but in adult cows only the rumen communities were affected by diet.…”