High production of jasmonic acid by Lasiodiplodia iranensis using solid‐state fermentation: Optimization and understanding

Abstract

Background Jasmonic acid (JA) is a plant hormone involved in regulating developmental and growth controls as well as photosynthesis. In addition, this hormone protects the plant against insects and has good applications in agriculture, the flavored industry and other fields. Filamentous fungus generally produces JA using liquid static culture. In the present study, a solid‐state fermentation (SSF) method is developed for high production of JA using Lasiodiplodia iranensis. Main methods and major results By selecting the solid substrate and optimizing the initial water content, inoculum volume, loading volume and other culture conditions, the maximum JA yield reached 5306.38 mg kg–1 when fermented for 12 days in a petri dish containing a medium with crushed wheat as the solid substrate and 75% initial water content. The logistic and Luedeking–Piret models were used to characterize the relationship between microbial growth and product synthesis in the SSF process, and the maximum JA production is predicted to be 5263.23 mg kg–1, which is close to the experimental value. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) is used to examine the metabolic changes that develop during fermentation. The results indicate that JA biosynthesis occurs in the α‐linolenic acid metabolic pathway, of which 13(S)‐HpOTrE is a key intermediate metabolite and both 13(S)‐HOTrE and traumatic acid are byproducts of the branches of its synthesis. Conclusions and implications The results of this study provide a method for obtaining high JA yields by SSF, and offer new insights for understanding the production of JA by fungal fermentation.

Enhancing short‐chain fatty acids production via acidogenic fermentation of municipal sewage sludge: Effect of sludge characteristics and peroxydisulfate pre‐oxidation

“…Additional refinement of the suggested treatment including optimizing the inoculum volume, loading volume, and other culture conditions could potentially yield even greater economic benefits. [ 33 ]…”

Indole-3-Carboxylic Acid From the Endophytic Fungus Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae LPS-1 as a Synergist Enhancing the Antagonism of Jasmonic Acid Against Blumeria graminis on Wheat

“…JA is also present in other fungi in addition to L. pseudotheobromae LPS-1, such as Acremonium sp. D212, Botryodiplodia theobromae , L. theobromae strain 2334, and L. iranensis ( Husain et al., 1993 ; Eng et al., 2016 ; Han et al., 2020 ; Shen et al., 2022 ). However, in this study, we do not know the molecular mechanism of 3-ICA and JA antagonizing B. graminis at present.…”

Strategies for Supplying Precursors to Enhance the Production of Secondary Metabolites in Solid-State Fermentation

“…SSF has been recognized as better suited for the microbial mycelial morphology for secondary metabolite production [72]. SSF enabled the production of secondary metabolites with mosquitocidal activity [73], the plant hormone jasmonic acid [74], and bioactive compounds with growth-inhibition capacity against plant and human pathogenic bacteria [75]. Optimization of the culture conditions, including inoculation amount, fermentation time, temperature, pH, and others, is essential to maximize the yield and diversity of valuable compounds produced [76].…”