High-protein diet with excess leucine prevents inactivity-induced insulin resistance in women

Mangogna, Alessandro; Di Girolamo, Filippo Giorgio; Fiotti, Nicola; Vinci, Pierandrea; Landolfo, Matteo; Mearelli, Filippo; Biolo, Gianni

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.028

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Meanwhile, recent studies have shown that BCAAs are closely associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer [ 4 – 9 ]. BCAAs have attracted widespread attention as a biomarker of diabetes mellitus and a potential causal player in insulin resistance and diabetes [ 10 – 12 ]. BCAAs are strongly associated with insulin resistance and T2DM [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between newborn weight and serum BCAAs in pregnant women with diabetes

Tang,

Liu,

Yang

et al. 2024

Nutr. Diabetes

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Background Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine, isoleucine, and valine, are essential amino acids for mammals. Maternal BCAAs during pregnancy have been associated with newborn development. Meanwhile, BCAAs have been tightly linked with insulin resistance and diabetes in recent years. Diabetes in pregnancy is a common metabolic disorder. The current study aims to assess the circulating BCAA levels in pregnant women with diabetes and their relationship with neonatal development. Methods The serum concentrations of BCAAs and their corresponding branched-chain α-keto acids (BCKAs) catabolites in 33 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance, 16 pregnant women with type 2 diabetes before pregnancy (PDGM), and 15 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were determined using a liquid chromatography system coupled to a mass spectrometer. The data were tested for normal distribution and homogeneity of variance before statistical analysis. Correlations were computed with the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results The maternal serum BCAAs and BCKAs levels during late pregnancy were higher in women with PGDM than those in healthy women. Meanwhile, the circulating BCAAs and BCKAs showed no significant changes in women with GDM compared with those in healthy pregnant women. Furthermore, the circulating BCAA and BCKA levels in women with PGDM were positively correlated with the weight of the newborn. The circulating leucine level in women with GDM was positively correlated with the weight of the newborn. BCAA and BCKA levels in healthy pregnant women showed no correlation with newborn weight. Conclusions The serum BCAAs in pregnant women with diabetes, which was elevated in PGDM but not GDM, were positively correlated with newborn weight. These findings highlight potential approaches for early identification of high-risk individuals and interventions to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between newborn weight and serum BCAAs in pregnant women with diabetes

Tang,

Liu,

Yang

et al. 2024

Nutr. Diabetes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Conversely, nutritional interventions possess attributes such as minimal side effects, sustained efficacy, broad applicability, and cost-effectiveness, thereby assuming a pivotal role. Presently, nutritional interventions targeting insulin resistance center on dietary patterns [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], plant-derived compounds [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], probiotics [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], and other modalities. Nevertheless, many of these compounds predominantly exert singular effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous Nucleotides Ameliorate Insulin Resistance Induced by Palmitic Acid in HepG2 Cells through the IRS-1/AKT/FOXO1 Pathways

Song,

Li,

2024

Nutrients

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Nucleotides (NTs) act as pivotal regulatory factors in numerous biological processes, playing indispensable roles in growth, development, and metabolism across organisms. This study delves into the effects of exogenous NTs on hepatic insulin resistance using palmitic-acid-induced HepG2 cells, administering interventions at three distinct dosage levels of exogenous NTs. The findings underscore that exogenous NT intervention augments glucose consumption in HepG2 cells, modulates the expression of glycogen-synthesis-related enzymes (glycogen synthase kinase 3β and glycogen synthase), and influences glycogen content. Additionally, it governs the expression levels of hepatic enzymes (hexokinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and glucose-6-phosphatase). Moreover, exogenous NT intervention orchestrates insulin signaling pathway (insulin receptor substrate-1, protein kinase B, and forkhead box protein O1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, exogenous NT intervention fine-tunes the expression levels of oxidative stress-related markers (malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and NADPH oxidase 4) and the expression of inflammation-related nuclear transcription factor (NF-κB). Lastly, exogenous NT intervention regulates the expression levels of glucose transporter proteins (GLUTs). Consequently, exogenous NTs ameliorate insulin resistance in HepG2 cells by modulating the IRS-1/AKT/FOXO1 pathways and regulate glucose consumption, glycogen content, insulin signaling pathways, AMPK activity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory status.

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High-protein diet with excess leucine prevents inactivity-induced insulin resistance in women

Cited by 2 publications

References 90 publications

Correlation between newborn weight and serum BCAAs in pregnant women with diabetes

Correlation between newborn weight and serum BCAAs in pregnant women with diabetes

Exogenous Nucleotides Ameliorate Insulin Resistance Induced by Palmitic Acid in HepG2 Cells through the IRS-1/AKT/FOXO1 Pathways

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