High Proton Conducting Polymer Blend Electrolytes Based on Chitosan:Dextran with Constant Specific Capacitance and Energy Density

Abstract

Polymer blend electrolytes based on chitosan: dextran (CS:Dext) incorporated with various amounts of ammonium fluoride (NH4F) with constant specific capacitance (12.4 F/g) and energy density over 100 cycles were prepared using a solution cast technique. The blend electrolyte samples exhibit broader amorphous humps in X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra compared to pure CS:Dext film. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study indicates the complex formation of the added ammonium salt with the polymer blend functional groups through the shifting and decrease in the intensity of FTIR bands. The impedance plots were used to determine the conductivity of the samples. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images support the conductivity behavior of the samples. The impedance plots were applied in the determination of the conductivity of the samples in which the relatively highest conductivity was gained to be 1 × 10−3 S/cm. The transference number measurement (TNM) of the conducting electrolyte was 0.88, which portrays the dominancy of ion in the conduction process. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) verified the chemical stability and showed it to be 1.7 V and an effective electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) that is applicable in electrochemical devices. The performance of the EDLC cell was examined using both cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge–discharge techniques at ambient temperature. The semi-rectangular shape of the cyclic voltammetry (CV) plot and no redox peak was observed. The charge-discharge process of the fabricated EDLC is durable over 100 cycles with an equivalent circuit resistance and power density of 194.5 Ω and 428 W/kg, respectively. Two main outcomes, the specific capacitance and energy densities of 12.4 Farad/g and 1.4 Wh/kg, respectively, are almost constant over 100 cycles.

The Study of Plasticized Amorphous Biopolymer Blend Electrolytes Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA): Chitosan with High Ion Conductivity for Energy Storage Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLC) Device Application

“…Moreover, the low lattice energy of the salt is noteworthy as enhancing the specific capacitance value, which possesses high dissociation [ 86 ]. The obtained C s value in our previous study for the CS: Dextrane: NH 4 F system was 12.4 F/g, which is lower than the present C s value [ 87 ]. The C s pattern in our previous study for CS: Dextran: NH 4 I is completely different from the results of the C s pattern present work.…”

Synthesis of Porous Proton Ion Conducting Solid Polymer Blend Electrolytes Based on PVA: CS Polymers: Structural, Morphological and Electrochemical Properties

“…This can be demonstrated by the fact that the aggregated ions can protrude through the surface of the film. This phenomenon is shown in the XRD pattern where the amorphous region is enlarged as the concentration of the NH 4 SCN salt is increased up to 40 wt.% [45,47].…”

“…For the PCSH2 sample, the presence of some white particles on the surface of the film can be observed, which are related to the formation of salt particles without being involved in the ionic conduction process. Moreover, these white particles reduce the ion concentrations that play a vital role in ion-conduction-based electrolytes [41,45]. In fact, as the salt content increased, the surface morphology of the films was changed substantially.…”

Blending and Characteristics of Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitor Device Assembled from Plasticized Proton Ion Conducting Chitosan:Dextran:NH4PF6 Polymer Electrolytes

“…XRD examination was performed for pure CS:DX and plasticized electrolytes at room temperature, as depicted in Figure 1 . In earlier works, it was found that pure CS has shown various crystalline peaks at 2θ = 15.1°, 17.7°, and 20.9° [ 29 , 30 ], while DX has shown two hallows at 2θ = 18° and 23° [ 29 , 31 ]. Herein, the XRD of CS: DX has two hallows at low and high 2θ degrees, and no crystalline peaks are detected, as shown in Figure 1 a.…”