High-Quality AB Bilayer Graphene Films by Direct Solar-Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition

Alghfeli, Abdalla; Fisher, Timothy S.

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c07229

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(186 reference statements)

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“…A custom-built high flux solar simulator (HFSS) characterized in previous work [42] is used here, and initial observations of predominant AB-stacking have been reported [43]. The HFSS is equipped with a 10 kW e short xenon arc lamp (Superior Quartz, SQP-SX100003) that approximates the solar spectrum and a truncated ellipsoidal reflector (Optiforms, E1023F).…”

Section: Solar-thermal Cvd Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential Bayesian-optimized graphene synthesis by direct solar-thermal chemical vapor deposition

Alghfeli,

Fisher

2023

Preprint

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This work reports the use of a high-flux solar simulator that mimics the solar spectrum and a cold-wall CVD reactor to demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing a renewable energy resource in synthesizing graphene under various conditions. A parametric study of process parameters was carried out using a probabilistic Bayesian regression model and an information acquisition function to find conditions that yield high-quality product. Backscattered electron images and Raman mapping were used to assess the effects of growth conditions on graphene characteristic sizes, film quality, and uniformity. We report the synthesis of high-quality single-layer graphene (SLG) and AB-stacked bilayer graphene films in a one-step, short-time process with $I_{D}/I_{G}$ ratios of 0.21 and 0.14, respectively. Electron diffraction analysis shows peak intensities that resemble SLG and AB-bilayer graphene with up to 5 and 20 $\mathrm{\mu}$ m grain sizes, respectively. The optical transmissivities of SLG and AB-bilayer graphene fall between 0.959-0.977 and 0.929-0.953, whereas the sheet resistances measured by a 4-point probe with 1 mm spacing are 15.5 $\pm$ 4.6 and 3.4$\pm$1.5 k $\Omega$ /sq, respectively. Further scale-up of the optimized graphene growth area was achieved by flattening the insolation profile, leading to spatial uniformity up to 15 mm in radius. Direct solar capture for CVD synthesis enable a practical and sustainable option for synthesizing graphene films applicable for photonic and electronic applications.

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Section: Solar-thermal Cvd Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential Bayesian-optimized graphene synthesis by direct solar-thermal chemical vapor deposition

Alghfeli,

Fisher

2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Graphene is the simplest 2D material and owing to its exceptional properties, such as high thermal and electrical conductivity, large surface area, and mechanical stability, promises several potential applications, such as green energy production and storage. − However, to utilize graphene for large-scale applications, its synthesis/processing methods are of high importance and are constantly being examined for their scalability, ecofriendliness, and cost efficiency. , There are several reports on the green reduction of exfoliated graphene oxide to fabricate few-layer graphene sheets utilizing tea solution, plant extracts, and saccharides as reducing agents . Other sustainable approaches have been devised to prepare graphene-based materials derived from lignocellulosic biomass, industrial molasses waste, and fuel coke .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sachharomyces Cerevisae Dry Powder-Mediated Exfoliation of Graphite Chunks into Functionalized Few-Layer Graphene

Mahle,

Suran,

Singh

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Owing to the active production of metabolites during reproduction and growth, microbial cells have been incessantly explored for their potential in the fabrication and functionalization of inorganic materials. Yeast cells, which are nonpathogenic microbes, exhibit biotransformation reactions and the potential to modify functional groups when grown under fermentative conditions. Here, we attempted to delay graphite chunks into graphene flakes by incubating them with dry Sachharomyces cerevisae powder. The evident delamination/ thinning of graphene layers was demonstrated using microscopic and spectroscopic analyses which confirmed the exfoliation of graphite to few-layer graphene (FLG). The gate-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of the developed process established the sustainability and environmental hotspots for the approach. Our study demonstrates the facile, green, and sustainable exfoliation of graphite using off-the-shelf materials in laboratories or kitchens and can be scaled up to industry levels. Yeast cells were also explored for the exfoliation of another 2D material, MoS 2 , and showed the potential to flake off the bulk structure into few MoS 2 sheets.

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Sequential Bayesian-optimized graphene synthesis by direct solar-thermal chemical vapor deposition

Alghfeli,

Fisher

2024

Sci Rep

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This work reports the use of a high-flux solar simulator that mimics the solar spectrum and a cold-wall CVD reactor to demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing a renewable energy resource in synthesizing graphene under various conditions. A parametric study of process parameters was conducted using a probabilistic approach. Gaussian process regression serves as a surrogate to establish a prior for Bayesian optimization, and an information acquisition function is employed to identify conditions that yield high-quality products. Backscattered electron images and Raman mapping were used to assess the effects of growth conditions on graphene characteristic sizes, film quality, and uniformity. We report the synthesis of high-quality single-layer graphene (SLG) and AB-stacked bilayer graphene films in a one-step, short-time process with $$I_{D}/I_{G}$$ I D / I G ratios of 0.21 and 0.14, respectively. Electron diffraction analysis shows peak intensities that resemble SLG and AB-bilayer graphene with up to 5 and 20 $${\upmu }$$ μ m grain sizes, respectively. The optical transmissivities of SLG and AB-bilayer graphene fall between 0.959–0.977 and 0.929–0.953, whereas the sheet resistances measured by a 4-point probe with 1 mm spacing are 15.5 ± 4.6 and 3.4 ± 1.5 k$$\Omega$$ Ω /sq, respectively. Further scale-up of the optimized graphene growth area was achieved by flattening the insolation profile, leading to spatial uniformity up to 13 mm in radius. Direct solar capture for CVD synthesis enable a practical and sustainable option for synthesizing graphene films applicable for photonic and electronic applications.

show abstract

High-Quality AB Bilayer Graphene Films by Direct Solar-Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition

Cited by 3 publications

References 67 publications

Sequential Bayesian-optimized graphene synthesis by direct solar-thermal chemical vapor deposition

Sequential Bayesian-optimized graphene synthesis by direct solar-thermal chemical vapor deposition

Sachharomyces Cerevisae Dry Powder-Mediated Exfoliation of Graphite Chunks into Functionalized Few-Layer Graphene

Sequential Bayesian-optimized graphene synthesis by direct solar-thermal chemical vapor deposition

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