High quality crystal growth and characterization of ferroelectric Ba0.77Ca0.23TiO₃ single crystal

Abstract

B[Formula: see text]Ca[Formula: see text]TiO3 (BCT) single crystal has been widely studied as a promising lead-free ferroelectric material. In this work, high-quality BCT crystal was successfully grown by the Czochralski (CZ) method. The as-grown crystal is crack-free and shows black coloration. It possesses a high dielectric stability over a wide temperature range, while the dielectric loss is rather small below 90[Formula: see text]C. Furthermore, it possesses excellent ferroelectric properties with residual polarization strength ([Formula: see text]) and coercive field ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]) of 17.93 [Formula: see text]C/cm2 and 8.47 kV/cm, respectively. Besides, BCT crystal shows large electromechanical coupling factors, with [Formula: see text][Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of 0.535, 0.254, 0.714 and 0.721, respectively. The piezoelectric coefficients [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are measured to be − 36.5, 130 and 246 pC/N, respectively.