“…The precursor solution, essential for perovskite film preparation, can be enhanced by the effective seed-assisted growth method, which involves introducing seeds into the solution to improve film quality and device performance. Various seed materials to date, including perovskite-based seeds, 46,47 nanocrystals, and additives, 48 have been utilized to promote nucleation and enhance crystal growth, leading to improved performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.…”