High quality statistical shape modelling of the human nasal cavity and applications

Keustermans, William; Huysmans, Toon; Danckaers, Femke; Zarowski, Andrzej; Schmelzer, B; Sijbers, Jan; Dirckx, Joris J.J.

doi:10.1098/rsos.181558

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Statistical shape modeling is a technique for morphological study which uses a database of 3D model samples to calculate an average geometry and analyze how this geometry varies across samples (Cootes, Taylor, Cooper, & Graham, 1995). Statistical shape modeling has been used in the study of many anatomical entities, for example, the nasal cavity (Keustermans et al, 2018), the sigmoid sinus (Van Osch et al, 2019), and the facial nerve (Hudson, Gare, Allen, Ladak, & Agrawal, 2020). Not only are statistical shape models (SSMs) useful for direct study of structure but they also serve as a basis for creating automated segmentation algorithms, the development of which would replace exhaustive manual image segmentation (subdividing the region of interest from surrounding anatomy).…”

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confidence: 99%

Micro‐CT of the human ossicular chain: Statistical shape modeling and implications for otologic surgery

et al. 2021

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The ossicular chain is a middle ear structure consisting of the small incus, malleus and stapes bones, which transmit tympanic membrane vibrations caused by sound to the inner ear. Despite being shown to be highly variable in shape, there are very few morphological studies of the ossicles. The objective of this study was to use a large sample of cadaveric ossicles to create a set of three‐dimensional models and study their statistical variance. Thirty‐three cadaveric temporal bone samples were scanned using micro‐computed tomography (μCT) and segmented. Statistical shape models (SSMs) were then made for each ossicle to demonstrate the divergence of morphological features. Results revealed that ossicles were most likely to vary in overall size, but that more specific feature variability was found at the manubrium of the malleus, the long process and lenticular process of the incus, and the crura and footplate of the stapes. By analyzing samples as whole ossicular chains, it was revealed that when fixed at the malleus, changes along the chain resulted in a wide variety of final stapes positions. This is the first known study to create high‐quality, three‐dimensional SSMs of the human ossicles. This information can be used to guide otological surgical training and planning, inform ossicular prosthesis development, and assist with other ossicular studies and applications by improving automated segmentation algorithms. All models have been made publicly available.

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confidence: 99%

Micro‐CT of the human ossicular chain: Statistical shape modeling and implications for otologic surgery

et al. 2021

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“…The mean distance between the anterior nasal spine and the base of the sellar region was 78.21 ± 3.67 mm. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between the mean distance in males and females, but no clinical difference [39]. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the distances and volumes are shown in Table 3.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anatomical workspace study of Endonasal Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Approach

et al. 2019

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AbstractPurposeTo determine the workspace through an anatomical dimensional study of the skull base to further facilitate the design of the robot for endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal (EET) surgery.MethodsThere were 120 cases having a paranasal sinus CT scan in the database. The internal volumes of the nasal cavities (NC), the volumes of the sphenoid sinuses (SS), and the distance between the anterior nasal spine and base of the sellar (d-ANS-BS) were measured.ResultsThe Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) between the relevant distances and the volumes of the right NC was 0.32; between the relevant distances and the volumes of the left NC was 0.43; and between the relevant distances and volumes of NC was 0.41; with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). All PCCs had a statistically significant meaningful difference (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe volume of NCs were significantly correlated with distances (p < 0.05). The safest and shortest distance to guide the robotic arm length in the EET approach could be represented by d-ANS-BS. This result was also used as primary information for further robotic design.

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“…A statistical shape model (SSM) of the nasal cavity was created to achieve a common triangulation of all patient-specific geometries as well as to allow generation of an average geometry of all 25 subjects. To virtually enhance the data for generation of the SSM, also the axially mirrored geometries were used, which is a common approach 19 .…”

Section: Statistical Shape Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While this term describes a large set of different techniques, the underlying approach of those is similar: the geometry is represented in a reduced manner (reduced basis) that allows to quantify the observed variance in different shapes. An SSM of the nasal cavity that was generated using image data of 46 patients was presented by Keustermans et al 19 . They were able to demonstrate, that generation of a statistical shape model of the human nasal cavity is feasible.…”

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Characterization of the Airflow within an Average Geometry of the Healthy Human Nasal Cavity

Brüning

Hildebrandt

Heppt

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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This study's objective was the generation of a standardized geometry of the healthy nasal cavity. An average geometry of the healthy nasal cavity was generated using a statistical shape model based on 25 symptom-free subjects. Airflow within the average geometry and these geometries was calculated using fluid simulations. Integral measures of the nasal resistance, wall shear stresses (WSS) and velocities were calculated as well as cross-sectional areas (CSA). Furthermore, individual WSS and static pressure distributions were mapped onto the average geometry. The average geometry featured an overall more regular shape that resulted in less resistance, reduced WSS and velocities compared to the median of the 25 geometries. Spatial distributions of WSS and pressure of the average geometry agreed well compared to the average distributions of all individual geometries. The minimal CSA of the average geometry was larger than the median of all individual geometries (83.4 vs. 74.7 mm²). The airflow observed within the average geometry of the healthy nasal cavity did not equal the average airflow of the individual geometries. While differences observed for integral measures were notable, the calculated values for the average geometry lay within the distributions of the individual parameters. Spatially resolved parameters differed less prominently.The nose is the main passageway for respired air to flow from ambient to the lungs and vice versa. Air flowing through the nose is humidified, tempered and cleansed from particles, which could harm the intricate structures of the lungs. While the anatomy of the nose can easily be investigated from the outside using either a speculum or an endoscope, the nature of healthy nasal airflow is not yet fully understood. Nonetheless, there were extensive efforts as well as remarkable progress to better understand the complex airflow within the nose.While investigation of the airflow within the nasal cavity began with in-vitro experiments using either cadaver castings or upscaled models 1-3 , numerical simulation of nasal airflow became the quasi standard within the last decade and is now widely used 4-6 . Here, the patient-specific geometry of the nasal cavity is reconstructed using computed tomography (CT) scans.Recently, first studies were able to reveal correlations between numerically calculated flow parameters and the perceived nasal patency of a patient. Zhao et al. were able to show, that a significant correlation between cooling of the mucosal layer, a process that is associated with trigeminal function, is correlated with patency ratings of the nose 7,8 . In more recent studies, they were able to reveal differences in wall shear stress and heat flux between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with septal perforations 9 and they were also able to show, that numerical simulations might help to understand complex relationships between surgical procedures and the development of empty nose syndrome 10 . Sanmiguel-Rojas et al. proposed another approach, where two non-dimensional par...

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High quality statistical shape modelling of the human nasal cavity and applications

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

Micro‐CT of the human ossicular chain: Statistical shape modeling and implications for otologic surgery

Micro‐CT of the human ossicular chain: Statistical shape modeling and implications for otologic surgery

Anatomical workspace study of Endonasal Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Approach

Characterization of the Airflow within an Average Geometry of the Healthy Human Nasal Cavity

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