High-rate (20 Hz) single-frequency GPS/GALILEO variometric approach for real-time structural health monitoring and rapid risk assessment

Bezcioğlu, Mert; Yiğit, Cemal Özer; Mazzoni, Augusto; Fortunato, Marco; Dindar, Ahmet Anıl; Karadeniz, Baris

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2022.05.074

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Moreover, the outcomes emphasize that the SF-VA technique can also detect the amplitude value corresponding to the peak frequency at mm-level precision. These findings are in strong agreement with those obtained from Bezcioglu et al [11,18]. However, it is important to note that, unlike these two investigations, this contribution evaluates low-cost GNSS observations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Zang et al employed GPS, GLONASS, and BeiDou observations at a 1 Hz sampling rate to evaluate the ability of the VA method in earthquake magnitude estimation, and they reported that multi-GNSS observations provide more reliable displacement compared to a single system [17]. Finally, Bezcioglu et al conducted a series of shaking table experiments to investigate the performance of the VA technique based on single-frequency (SF) GPS and GPS + Galileo observations at a 20 Hz sampling rate in a possible SHM/EEW systems, and they concluded that the GPS + Galileo combination provides more accurate displacement compared to GPS-only solutions [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the single-frequency variometric approach based on low-cost GNSS observations and different satellite combinations for detecting short-term dynamic behaviors

Bahadur,

Bezcioglu,

Yigit

2024

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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This study presents the capability of the single-frequency (SF) variometric approach (VA) technique with low-cost GNSS observations to detect short-term dynamic behaviors. Harmonic oscillations with amplitudes between 5 and 20 mm and frequencies between 0.3 and 5.0 Hz were generated employing a single-axis shake table to investigate the performance of the SF-VA technique in the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system. Besides, a Mw 6.9 Kobe, 1995 earthquake simulation was generated using the shake table to analyze the SF-VA performance for the Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) system. A low-cost u-blox ZED-F9P GNSS receiver and ANN-MB-00 patch antenna were used to collect GNSS observations at a 20 Hz sampling rate during the experiments. The observations were processed using the MATLAB-based open-source PPPH-VA software in real-time mode, considering eight different satellite combinations. The capability of the SF-VA technique to detect horizontal dynamic behaviors in real-time mode was investigated in the frequency and time domains, accepting the displacements from the Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) sensor as a reference. The results in the frequency domain demonstrate that the SF-VA technique with low-cost GNSS observations can successfully detect the peak frequency value of short-term harmonic oscillations up to 5 Hz. Moreover, time domain findings emphasize that the short-time dynamic oscillations can be determined with the SF-VA technique with an accuracy ranging from 0.8 to 6.4 mm. Earthquake simulation experiment results demonstrate that the strong ground motions caused by mega earthquakes can be determined at mm-level by the SF-VA method. The results of both experiments show that multi-GNSS observations contribute to the SF-VA technique considerably. Overall, the findings reveal that the SHM and EEW systems can be operated with low-cost GNSS receivers, and the natural frequency of the man-made structures and accurate displacement values of seismic waveforms can be determined in real-time with the SF-VA technique.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the single-frequency variometric approach based on low-cost GNSS observations and different satellite combinations for detecting short-term dynamic behaviors

Bahadur,

Bezcioglu,

Yigit

2024

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…GNSS technology is extensively utilized in geodetic monitoring studies of tectonic movements [1][2][3], landslides [4][5][6][7][8], and a variety of natural events which require high accuracy observations. Another field where GNSS technology is heavily employed is in structural health monitoring studies [9][10][11][12]. GNSS measurement and processing methods exhibit variability in correspondence with evolving application domains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Horizontal Displacements with Low-Cost GNSS Systems Using Relative Positioning: Performance Analysis

Akpınar,

Özarpacı

2024

Applied Sciences

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Monitoring horizontal displacements, such as landslides and tectonic movements, holds great importance and high-cost geodetic GNSS equipment stands as a crucial tool for the precise determination of these displacements. As the utilization of low-cost GNSS systems continues to rise, there is a burgeoning interest in evaluating their efficacy in measuring such displacements. This evaluation is particularly vital as it explores the potential of these systems as alternatives to high-cost geodetic GNSS systems in similar applications, thereby contributing to their widespread adoption. In this study, we delve into the assessment of the potential of the dual-frequency U-Blox Zed-F9P GNSS system in conjunction with a calibrated survey antenna (AS-ANT2BCAL) for determining horizontal displacements. To simulate real-world scenarios, the Zeiss BRT 006 basis-reduktionstachymeter was employed as a simulation device, enabling the creation of horizontal displacements across nine different magnitudes, ranging from 2 mm to 50 mm in increments of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mm. The accuracies of these simulated displacements were tested through low-cost GNSS observations conducted over a 24 h period in open-sky conditions. Additionally, variations in observation intervals, including 3, 6, 8, and 12 h intervals, were investigated, alongside the utilization of the relative positioning method. Throughout the testing phase, GNSS data were processed using the GAMIT/GLOBK GNSS (v10.7) software, renowned for its accuracy and reliability in geodetic applications. The insightful findings gleaned from these extensive tests shed light on the system’s capabilities, revealing crucial information regarding its minimum detectable displacements. Specifically, the results indicate that the minimum detectable displacements with the 3-sigma rule stand at 22.8 mm, 11.7 mm, 8.7 mm, and 4.8 mm for 3 h, 6 h, 8 h, and 12 h GNSS observations, respectively. Such findings are instrumental in comprehending the system’s performance under varying conditions, thereby informing decision-making processes and facilitating the adoption of suitable GNSS solutions for horizontal displacement monitoring tasks.

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“…We highlight that our goal is to retrieve shortterm and low-scale dynamic displacements, which are valid for structural and seismic movements. Consequently, medium and long-term movements are not accounted for since these are commonly not considered in dynamic displacement monitoring (Bezcioglu et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic displacement monitoring by integrating high-rate GNSS and accelerometer: on the possibility of downsampling GNSS data at reference stations

et al. 2023

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We combine accelerometer and asynchronous high-rate GNSS data to retrieve dynamic displacements. The method adopts relative GNSS positioning with observations of different sampling rates at rover and reference stations. The objective is to examine the feasibility of downsampling GNSS data at reference stations and thus, verify whether permanent GNSS networks collecting low-rate observations can serve as reference sites. The performance is assessed using a shake table to induce displacement waveforms. We show that the combined GNSS and accelerometer solution improves displacement accuracy by half compared to the GNSS-only one. Further accuracy improvement is obtained by applying the Rauch Tung Striebel (RTS) smoother. Consequently, it is reasonable to downsample high-rate GNSS data at the reference station even to a 2 s interval and preserve the displacement error below 1 mm. The results also reveal that a fusion of GNSS with accelerometer and RTS smoothing helps to mitigate the ephemeris error. With the assessment in the time–frequency domain, we show that the combined solution better recovers displacement waveforms than GNSS-only. For the former solution, the detected peak frequencies agree very well with those of the Linear Variable Differential Transformer responsible for providing the ground truth displacements, and the amplitude error does not exceed 0.5 mm. We conclude that the proposed approach based on asynchronous GNSS observations provides millimeter-level precision results and is better for reconciling dynamic displacements than a GNSS-only solution or simply integrating accelerometer data.

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High-rate (20 Hz) single-frequency GPS/GALILEO variometric approach for real-time structural health monitoring and rapid risk assessment

Cited by 11 publications

References 61 publications

Evaluation of the single-frequency variometric approach based on low-cost GNSS observations and different satellite combinations for detecting short-term dynamic behaviors

Evaluation of the single-frequency variometric approach based on low-cost GNSS observations and different satellite combinations for detecting short-term dynamic behaviors

Monitoring Horizontal Displacements with Low-Cost GNSS Systems Using Relative Positioning: Performance Analysis

Dynamic displacement monitoring by integrating high-rate GNSS and accelerometer: on the possibility of downsampling GNSS data at reference stations

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