High-rate erosion of Ti–6Al–4V ultrafine-grained titanium alloy obtained via intensive plastic torsional deformation

Microstructural Transformation and Enhanced Strength of Wire‐Feed Electron‐Beam Additive Manufactured Ti–6Al–4V Alloy Induced by High‐Pressure Torsion

“…The obtained microstructure differs from the traditionally observed microstructure of hot-rolled Ti-6Al-4V alloy with (α þ β) structure after HPT. First of all, the difference in the structures is demonstrated in the size of the produced grains, thus in the hot-rolled Ti-6Al-4V alloy after HPT at different regimes the average grain size is from 40 to 100 nm, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][11][12][13][14] whereas the refinement of grains to 25 AE 10 nm is observed in the Ti-6Al-4V alloy obtained by EBAM and HPT. A more severe refinement of the grain structure of the 3D-printed Ti-6Al-4V samples is due to the presence of highly nonequilibrium martensitic α 0 phase.…”

“…Thin foils with a diameter of 3 mm for TEM studies were traditionally made from the region at a distance of 5 mm from the sample center (Figure 2b). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] To estimate the average grain size, measurements were taken using the software "GrainSize".…”

“…High-pressure torsion (HPT) is a popular severe plastic deformation (SPD) technique to efficiently refine the microstructure in metallic materials and create ultrafine-grained structure with grain sizes smaller than 100 nm and, therefore, increasing strength properties in such materials. [1,2] The use of HPT to process the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (also often referred as Ti64) was reported in a number of works, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] as the alloy is extensively applied in industry and its share constitutes about half of all titanium in commercial production. [15] For example, according to refs.…”