High-rate methane fermentation of lipid-rich food wastes by a high-solids co-digestion process

Li, Y.Y.; Sasaki, Hiroshi; Yamashita, Kouji; Seki, Kouji; Kamigochi, Ikuo

doi:10.2166/wst.2002.0420

Cited by 80 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The calculation of the correlations between B 0 and the initial composition of OM from the five slurries indicates that the variation of B 0 is mainly related to the slurry fat content (g/g OM) (B 0 5 1800 fat 1278, r 5 0.89, P , 0.05) and to a lesser extent to the slurry C content (g/g OM) (B 0 5 892 C -85.5, r 5 0.65, P , 0.05). This is in agreement with the results from different studies showing that the addition of different fat sources to cow or pig manure increases methane production during anaerobic digestion (Li et al, 2002).…”

Section: Gaseous Emissionssupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of biofuel co-products in pig diets on the excretory patterns of N and C and on the subsequent ammonia and methane emissions from pig effluent

Jarret

Martinez

Dourmad

2011

Animal

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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of incorporation into pig diets of 20% of different co-products from the biofuel industries, which are rich in fibre, on animal growth performance, on nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) excretions, and on the subsequent ammonia volatilisation and methane production during the storage of slurry. Five experimental diets mainly based on wheat and soyabean meal were formulated: two control diets, a control high-protein (CHP) diet with 17.5% of crude protein (CP) and a control low-protein (CLP) diet with 14.0% of CP and three experimental diets with 20% of (i) dried distiller's grain with solubles (DDGS), (ii) sugar beet pulp (SBP) or (iii) fatty rapeseed meal (FRM). The animals used (20 castrated males) were housed individually in metabolism cages and fed one of the five diets (i.e. four pigs per diet). Urine and faeces were collected separately from each pig in order to measure nutrient digestibility and the excretory patterns of N and C. For each diet, ammonia volatilisation was measured from samples of slurry subsequently produced, over a 16-day storage period in a laboratory pilot scale system. The ultimate methane potential (B 0, expressed in litres CH 4 /kg organic matter (OM)) was measured from the same slurry, for each diet, in anaerobic storage conditions over 100 days. The addition of sources of fibres to the diet decreased (P , 0.05) the animal growth performance by 13% and increased (P , 0.05) the amount of faeces excreted by 100%, whereas the amount of urine was not affected. For the high-fibre diets, there was a shift of N partitioning from urine to faeces, resulting in a much higher faecal N excretion (10 v. 5 g N/pig per day). Concurrently, the fibre enrichment in diets significantly increased (P , 0.05) the C content of the faeces by 68%. Ammonia emission from slurry was significantly reduced (P , 0.05) by 19% to 33% for the high-fibre diets, compared to the CHP diet. Ammonia emission was also reduced (P , 0.05) by 33% for the CLP compared to the CHP diet. B 0 values ranged from 428 to 484 l CH 4 /kg OM. When these are expressed per pig and per day, the B 0 from slurry was, on average, 70 l for the two control diets, and 121, 91 and 130 l for the slurry originating from the DDGS, SBP and FRM diets, respectively.

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Section: Gaseous Emissionssupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of biofuel co-products in pig diets on the excretory patterns of N and C and on the subsequent ammonia and methane emissions from pig effluent

Jarret

Martinez

Dourmad

2011

Animal

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“…It is speculated that the carbon-fiber supporting media that are used to maintain a very high bacterial density in the reactor produces the TDAPR's tolerance to high OLR and/or short HRT. It is also known that thermophilic anaerobic reactors can be operated in a stable manner at OLR values approximately twice as high as used in mesophilic anaerobic reactors [15][16][17], while TDAPR is capable of managing much higher OLRs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-rate thermophilic methane fermentation on short-chain fatty acids in a down-flow anaerobic packed-bed reactor

Tatara

Yamazawa

Ueno

et al. 2004

Bioprocess Biosyst Eng

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In order to maximize the efficiency of methane fermentation on short-chain fatty acids, growth media containing acetic acid and butyric acid as major carbon sources were supplied to a thermophilic down-flow anaerobic packed-bed reactor. The organic loading rate (OLR) to the reactor ranged from 0.2 to 169 kg-dichromate chemical oxygen demand(CODcr)/m(3)-reactor/day, corresponding to a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of between 1.4 h and 20 days. Stable methane production was maintained at HRTs as short as 2 h (OLR=120 kg-CODcr/m(3)/day), with the short-chain fatty acids in the feed almost completely removed during the process. The apparent substrate removal efficiency, determined from the total CODcr values in the influent and effluent, was 75% at short HRTs. However, the actual substrate removal efficiency must have been greater than 75%, since a fraction of substrate was also utilized in microbial cell synthesis, and these cells were part of the measured total CODcr.

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“…Theoretically, the higher the lipid content of the cell, the higher the potential methane yield. The high energetic content of lipids makes microalgae attractive substrates for anaerobic digestion due to their higher gas production potential compared with carbohydrates and proteins (Li et al 2002;Cirne et al 2007). The hydraulic and solid retention time are key parameters in anaerobic processes.…”

Section: Biomethanementioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae as second generation biofuel. A review

Singh¹,

Dhar²

2011

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

155

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Microalgae are autotrophic microorganisms having extremely high photosynthetic efficiency and are valued as rich source of lipids, hydrocarbons, and other complex oils for biodiesel besides being an invaluable source of bioethanol, biomethane, and biohydrogen. Biodiesel produced from oilseed crops such as jatropha and soy have lower yields per unit land area and threaten food security. Indeed, microalgae have higher oil yields amounting to about 40 times more oil per unit area of land in comparison to terrestrial oilseed crops such as soy and canola. Further, microalgae production does not require arable land for cultivation. Biofuel is regarded as a proven clean energy source and several entrepreneurs are attempting to commercialize this renewable source. Technology for producing and using biofuel has been known for several years and is frequently modified and upgraded. In view of this, a review is presented on microalgae as second generation biofuel. Microalgal farming for biomass production is the biggest challenge and opportunity for the biofuel industry. These are considered to be more efficient in converting solar energy into chemical energy and are amongst the most efficient photosynthetic plants on earth. Microalgae have simple cellular structure, a lipid-rich composition, and a rapid rate of reproduction. Many microalgal strains can be grown in saltwater and other harsh conditions. Some autotrophic microalgae can also be converted to heterotrophic ones to accumulate high quality oils using organic carbon. However, there are several technical challenges that need to be addressed to make microalgal biofuel profitable. The efficiency of microalgal biomass production is highly influenced by environmental conditions, e.g., light of proper intensity and wavelength, temperature, CO 2 concentration, nutrient composition, salinities and mixing conditions, and by the choice of cultivation systems: open versus closed pond systems, photobioreactors. Currently, microalgae for commercial purpose are grown mostly in open circular/elongated "raceway" ponds which generally have low yields and high production costs. However, a hybrid system combining closed photobioreactor and open pond is a better option. The biggest hurdle in commercialization of microalgal biofuel is the high cost and energy requirement for the microalgal biomass production, particularly agitation, harvesting, and drying of biomass. In order to conserve energy and reduce costs, algae are often harvested in a two-step process involving flocculation followed by centrifugation, filtration, or micro-straining to get a solid concentration. However, the major bottlenecks in algal biodiesel production within the cell can be identified and handled by adopting a system approach involving transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Research and developments in the field of new materials and advanced designs for cultivation in closed bioreactors, use of waste water for biomass production, screening of efficient strains, high-value coproduct strategy,...

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High-rate methane fermentation of lipid-rich food wastes by a high-solids co-digestion process

Cited by 80 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of biofuel co-products in pig diets on the excretory patterns of N and C and on the subsequent ammonia and methane emissions from pig effluent

Effect of biofuel co-products in pig diets on the excretory patterns of N and C and on the subsequent ammonia and methane emissions from pig effluent

High-rate thermophilic methane fermentation on short-chain fatty acids in a down-flow anaerobic packed-bed reactor

Microalgae as second generation biofuel. A review

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