High Rate Photon Counting CT Using Parallel Digital PET Electronics

Riendeau, J.; Bérard, P.; Viscogliosi, N.; Tetrault, M.-A.; Lemieux, François; Fontaine, R.

doi:10.1109/tns.2007.914320

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The freed logic space was used in combination with boards mounted with slightly larger, footprint compatible FPGA devices to add a computed tomography (CT) histogramming module [6] for each channel. This consumes the entire remaining logic resources, but is necessary for implementing photon counting CT.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The new firmware implementation improves performance by using what was learned through the first firmware iteration and by leveraging algorithms studied and verified after its completion [4], [6], [10], [11].…”

Section: New Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, by reworking Manuscript the acquisition portion and exploiting pipelining techniques, the effective processing rate is increased by 50%. Finally, we want to reduce logic consumption in order to add a real-time histogramming module for research in photon counting Computed Tomography (CT) [6].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Firmware Upgrade for the Data Acquisition System of the LabPET Small Animal PET Scanner

Tetrault

Bergeron

Fontaine

2010

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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The LabPET scanner is based on avalanche photodiodes individually read out by free running analog to digital converters, giving it the ability to reach high count rates for individual detection crystals. The actual rate performance depends on the supporting firmware that implements the detection, sampling and processing steps in the host programmable devices. The initial firmware version for the LabPET provided the target performance, but was written for functionality rather than maximum throughput. The upgraded firmware optimizes several parts of the analysis flow and uses pipelining techniques to increase count rate performance by 50%, while utilizing 24% less FPGA logic resources and no hardware modifications.Index Terms-FPGA, pipelining, positron emission tomography (PET), real time signal processing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: New Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Firmware Upgrade for the Data Acquisition System of the LabPET Small Animal PET Scanner

Tetrault

Bergeron

Fontaine

2010

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…Although pile-up is not a major concern for the low count rates encountered in PET, it is a real challenge for photon counting CT [22]. Low dose requirements in molecular imaging arise from possible therapeutic effects on small animals [23].…”

Section: Pile-up and Dead Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Digital techniques employing noise filtering and amplitude tracking methods were designed to cope with high count rates while extracting the signal energy (Figs. 7 and 8) [22]. The algorithm's dead-time is limited only by the signal rise-time, and enables real-time energy histogramming even for low-energy photons.…”

Section: Pile-up and Dead Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Roadmap to fully-digital PET/CT scanners

Fontaine

Michaud

Leroux

et al. 2007

2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record

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The ever-increasing needs of molecular imaging now require significant upgrade of conventional PET and CT scanners. Upcoming research protocols ask for low doses, submillimeter resolution, high sensitivity and multimodality. Current scanner technologies are mainly based on analog ASICs having a long design-cycle which hinders rapid scanner improvements and can hardly keep up with the new requirements of biomedical research. With new high-speed processors and configurable electronics, combined with early digitization of the signals from detectors, digital signal processing can flexibly and concurrently deal with many of those requirements. The present paper highlights past, present and foreseen developments in PET/CT signal processing. In particular, different model fits, filtered interpolation and neural networks are compared for timestamping and pulse shape discrimination. Recursive (ARMAX, AR…) and non recursive (Wiener, Fast Fourier transforms, Wavelets…) filtering are compared for crystal identification. Advanced pile-up correction, baseline restoration and energy measurement in photon-counting CT are also discussed. Finally, new techniques dealing with realtime event processing for Compton-scatter LOR computation and alternate random estimation will be briefly introduced. Pros and cons of each method are discussed and the best methods identified for a roadmap to fully digital PET/CT scanning is presented

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Dual-Modality Preclinical PET/CT Instrumentation

Goertzen

Zaidi

2014

Molecular Imaging of Small Animals

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High Rate Photon Counting CT Using Parallel Digital PET Electronics

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Firmware Upgrade for the Data Acquisition System of the LabPET Small Animal PET Scanner

Firmware Upgrade for the Data Acquisition System of the LabPET Small Animal PET Scanner

Roadmap to fully-digital PET/CT scanners

Dual-Modality Preclinical PET/CT Instrumentation

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