It is shown that, in high-rate pulsed galvanostatic anodic dissolution of type CSN17335 and AISI 304 chromium-nickel steels in electrolytes for electrochemical machining (ECM) (chloride, nitrate, and mixed chloride-nitrate solutions with a conductivity of 0.15 S/cm) using microsecond pulses with a duration of 20-2000 μs and current densities in the range of 1-100 A/cm 2 , a substantial fraction of charge (up to ~40%) is spent on the formation of a passivating oxide film with a semiconducting behavior. The electrochemical treatment therefore directly involves the oxide film, not the alloy. As a consequence, the current efficiency of ECM of these materials is ~60-70%, depending on the alloy composition. When using direct current, the rate of machining increases as a result of the oxide film breakdown due to its thermokinetic instability ("thermal explosion") caused by a rise in the surface temperature.