High Rates of Detection and Molecular Characterization of Porcine Adenovirus Serotype 5 (Porcine mastadenovirus C) from Diarrheic Pigs

Abstract

Since the first report on isolation of porcine adenovirus serotype 5 (PAdV-5, species Porcine mastadenovirus C (PAdV-C)) from pigs with respiratory illness in Japan in 1987, PAdV-5 have been detected in a few fecal samples from healthy pigs and in some environmental samples. To date, only a single PAdV-5 strain (isolate HNF-70 from 1987) has been analyzed for the complete genome. We report here high detection rates of PAdV-5 (25.74%, 26/101 fecal samples) in diarrheic pigs at 3 different farms in the Caribbean country of Dominican Republic. After a long gap, the complete deduced amino acid sequences of the DNA-dependent DNA polymerase (pol) and hexon of two PAdV-5 strains (GES7 and Z11) were determined, revealing >99% sequence identities between PAdV-5 strains (HNF-70, GES7 and Z11) detected in different parts of the world and during different time periods (1987, and 2020–2021). By phylogenetic analysis, the putative hexon and pol of HNF-70, GES7 and Z11 exhibited similar clustering patterns, with the PAdV-5 strains forming a tight cluster near ruminant AdVs, distinct from the species PAdV-A and -B. GES7 and Z11 retained the various conserved features present in the putative pol and major late promoter region of HNF-70. Considering the paucity of data on current epidemiological status and genetic diversity of PAdV in porcine populations, our findings warrant similar studies on PAdV-5 and other PAdVs in clinically ill and healthy pigs. To our knowledge, this is the first report on detection and molecular characterization of PAdV-5 (PAdV-C) from diarrheic pigs.

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Adenoviruses in Captive and Free-Roaming African Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus): Evidence for Possible Recombination and Cross-Species Transmission

“…Seven samples yielded the expected ~300 bp amplicon, which were shown to be amplification of non-AdV genomes by sequencing of the PCR products followed by BLASTN analysis. These observations, and similar findings from other studies (Gainor et al [ 44 ], and 33 of 37 fecal/rectal samples from bats on St. Kitts tested false positive for AdVs) raise concerns on the specificity of the Wellehan primers in AdV screening assays.…”

Investigation of Salmonella, Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) and Viral Indicators of Fecal Contamination in Four Italian Pig Slaughterhouses, 2021-2022

“…Sequence analysis (data not shown) confirmed the presence of two different PAdV in abattoirs located in Northern (PAdV serotype 3) and Central Italy (PAdV serotype 5). The two serotypes are both released in feces, as expected for PadV-3 frequently associated with gastroenteritis in pigs and PAdV-5 firstly detected in nasal swabs, which has also been detected in healthy pigs and environmental samples (sewage effluent, water, and shellfish) (Gainor et al, 2022). This confirms that besides the diverse nature of serotypes of PAdV, it can be retrieved in feces of healthy pigs.…”

Detection and Complete Genomic Analysis of Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) in Diarrheic Pigs from the Dominican Republic: First Report on PCV3 from the Caribbean Region

“…On the other hand, co-infections might be due to the widespread occurrence of other major porcine pathogens, such as PCV2, devoid of any association with PCV3 [ 9 , 28 , 33 ]. In previous studies, we screened the 100 porcine fecal samples from the Dominican Republic for PCV2 (detection rates of 48%, 48/100 fecal samples) and porcine adenovirus (PAdV) (26%, 26/100 fecal samples) DNA, and Rotavirus-A (RVA) RNA (0%, 0/100 fecal samples) [ 21 , 34 ]. In the present study, the fecal samples were also screened for the presence of porcine coronaviruses (PDCoV, PEDV, and TGEV) using a pan-coronavirus RT-PCR assay as described previously [ 25 ].…”