High rates of drug use, but low rates of HIV risk behaviours among injecting drug users during incarceration in Dutch prisons

Haastrecht, H. J. A. Van; Anneke, Joke S. Bax; Hoek, A. R. Van Den

doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.939141712.x

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Despite the sensitivities regarding same-gender practice, on average, 2.5% of prisoners, with no difference between injecting and non-injecting drug users, reported having had sex with another man in this prison. While low rates of same-gender sexual practices have been reported among prisoners in some European countries, 26,27 other studies have reported higher proportions (over 10%) of male prisoners engaging in same-gender sex while in prison. 28,29 Importantly, the finding that none of those who had had same-gender sex in this prison used a condom for their last sex encounter is worrying and deserves careful consideration by the prison health policy makers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Patterns of Drug Use and HIV-Related Risk Behaviors among Incarcerated People in a Prison in Iran

Zamani

Farnia²,

Torknejad³

et al. 2010

J Urban Health

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Previous research indicates that prisoners in Iran are at risk of drug-related harm, including acquisition of blood-borne infections. In response, several prevention interventions have been introduced into prisons in Iran, such as methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). MMT is now provided to opioid-dependent prisoners in 142 of the 230 prisons and correctional settings in Iran. A baseline behavioral survey was conducted in Karaj Central prison which mainly holds prisoners with drug-related charges. Overall, 203 male prisoners from randomly selected rooms in two prison blocks were interviewed using a structured questionnaire in 2007, just before the introduction of MMT program in this prison. Among participants, 7% reported never having used illicit drugs in their lifetime, but 51% had used non-injecting illicit drugs, and as high as 42% reported having injected an illicit drug. Up to 79% (160/203) of all participants reported using drugs, and about 6% (12/203) reported drug injecting during their current incarceration term. Same-gender sexual practice during current incarceration term was reported by 2.5% (5/203) of all male prisoners. Comparison between injecting and non-injecting drug-using prisoners indicated that drug injectors had higher rates of previous incarcerations, commenced drug use at a younger age, were more likely to have used illicit drugs in the previous week, were more likely to have been treated by a physician for drug addiction, had higher rates of registration for methadone treatment inside prison, and were more likely to have been tested for HIV infection. These study findings provide a behavioral profile of prisoners in regard to drug-related harm and can be considered in any plan to introduce or improve provision of MMT in prisons in Iran or other countries with similar features.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Patterns of Drug Use and HIV-Related Risk Behaviors among Incarcerated People in a Prison in Iran

Zamani

Farnia²,

Torknejad³

et al. 2010

J Urban Health

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“…However retrospective studies that involve describing the salient events related to incarceration have been used previously (Buavirat et al, 2003; van Haastrecht et al, 1998) and a high consistency of responses related to self-reported drug use has been documented (Darke, 1998; Shillington et al, 1995). Further, we asked numerous questions related to the context of the relapse episode, which may have helped with recall (Means et al, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-risk behaviors after release from incarceration among people who inject drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia

Cepeda¹,

Niccolai²,

Lyubimova³

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Injection drug use, infectious disease, and incarceration are inextricably linked in Russia. We aimed to identify factors associated with time to relapse (first opioid injection after release from prison) and using a non-sterile, previously used syringe at relapse in a sample of people who inject drugs in St. Petersburg. Methods We collected data on time from release to relapse among individuals with a history of incarceration, a subsample of a larger study among people who inject drugs. Proportional hazards and logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with time to relapse and injection with a non-sterile previously used syringe at relapse, respectively. Results The median time to relapse after release was 30 days. Factors that were independently associated with relapsing sooner were being a native of St. Petersburg compared to not being native (AHR: 1.64; 95% CI 1.15 – 2.33), unemployed at relapse compared to employed (AHR: 4.49; 95% CI 2.96 – 6.82) and receiving a previous diagnosis of HBV and HCV compared to no previous diagnosis (AHR: 1.49; 95% CI 1.03 – 2.14). Unemployment at relapse was also significant in modeling injection with a non-sterile, previously used syringe at relapse compared to those who were employed (AOR: 6.80; 95% CI 1.96 – 23.59). Conclusions Unemployment was an important correlate for both resuming opioid injection after release and using a non-sterile previously used syringe at relapse. Linkage to medical, harm reduction, and employment services should be developed for incarcerated Russian people who inject drugs prior to release.

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“…One of these individuals did seroconvert to HCV, an event which occurred more than 18 months after 13 being released. Besides the documented risk associated with injection drug use while in prison, heightened vulnerability may play an important role in increasing high-risk injection behaviours and HCV acquisition after release (37).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rising prevalence of prescription opioid injection and its association with hepatitis C incidence among street‐drug users

Bruneau

Roy

Arruda³

et al. 2012

Addiction

154

129

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Aims: The study objectives were to examine trends in prescription opioid (PO) injection and to assess its association with HCV seroconversion among injection drug users (IDUs), accounting for other risk factors.Design and Setting: A prospective cohort study of IDUs was carried out between 2004 and 2009 in Montreal, Canada.Participants and Measurements: 246 HCV-negative IDUs were included in this analysis. Semiannual visits included HCV antibody testing and an interview-administered questionnaire assessing risk behaviours. HCV incidence rate was calculated using the person-time method.Time-updated Cox regression models were conducted to examine predictors of HCV incidence.Findings: The proportion of IDUs reporting PO injection increased from 21% to 75% between 2004 and 2009 (p < 0.001). Of the 246 participants (81.6% male; mean age 34.5 years; mean follow-up time 23 months), 83 seroconverted to HCV (incidence rate: 17.9 per 100 person-years; 95% CI 14.3, 22.1). PO injectors were more likely to become infected if they did not use injection heroin (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR): 2.9 (95% CI: 1.5, 5.5)), whereas the association was not statistically significant for participants who reported using both drugs (AHR: 1.2 (95%CI: 0.6, 2.3). Other independent predictors of HCV incidence were: cocaine injection, recent incarceration, and > 30 injections per month.Conclusion: PO injection has increased rapidly in recent years, and appears to be an important risk factor for HCV acquisition. Our results suggest that the risks related to PO injection may be conditioned by specific drug practices which differ from those of heroin users.

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High rates of drug use, but low rates of HIV risk behaviours among injecting drug users during incarceration in Dutch prisons

Cited by 21 publications

References 9 publications

Patterns of Drug Use and HIV-Related Risk Behaviors among Incarcerated People in a Prison in Iran

Patterns of Drug Use and HIV-Related Risk Behaviors among Incarcerated People in a Prison in Iran

High-risk behaviors after release from incarceration among people who inject drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia

The rising prevalence of prescription opioid injection and its association with hepatitis C incidence among street‐drug users

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