High Rates of SARS-CoV-2 Family Transmission in Children of Healthcare Workers During the First Pandemic Wave in Madrid, Spain

Méndez-Echevarría, Ana; Sainz, Talía; Felipe, Beatriz de; Alcolea, Sonia; Olbrich, Peter; Goycochea-Valdivia, Walter Alfredo; Escosa-García, Luis; Cobo, Lorena; Calvo, Cristina; Neth, Olaf

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000003088

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Obesity has in fact been identified as a risk factor for COVID-19 disease severity [ 34 ]. A recent study reported high rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection among children living in high-risk places, presenting asymptomatic or mild disease [ 35 ], therefore, weight gain in children and adolescents could aggravate COVID-19 outcomes. Of note, the basal BMI did not correlate with the body weight gain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strengths of our study include the online survey, which allowed us to quickly reach a sufficiently large sample of parents of children and adolescents, both in northern and southern Italy, during a period marked by strong restrictions on movement. Internet penetration stood at 83.7% in January 2021 in Italy [ 35 ] which contributed to the large number of people taking part in this survey [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of COVID-19 on the Eating Habits of Children and Adolescents in Italy: A Pilot Survey Study

et al. 2021

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Nutrition during childhood and adolescence is very important for growth and can have long-term health implications. The COVID-19 lockdown caused significant changes in everyday life, including in children and adolescents. This study evaluated the effects of the first COVID-19 lockdown on eating habits and body weight in children and adolescents. An online cross-sectional survey was carried out among the parents of children (5–9 years) and adolescents (10–14 years) living in Italy. The online self-administered questionnaire included demographic and anthropometric data (reported weight and height) weight and dietary habit changes during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy (March to June 2020). A total of 439 participants were included. We found a change in eating habits with an increase in consumption of sweet packaged snacks (34%) and processed meat (25%), as well as bread, pizza and bakery products (47%). We also found an increase in vegetable, fresh fruit and legume intake (19%), and a reduction in sweet beverage and candy intake. A total of 59.7% of the participants reported body weight gain, with adolescents gaining more than children (67% vs. 55%, p = 0.010, respectively). In children, body weight gain was associated with a change in body height and increased consumption of dairy products and sweet packaged snacks, while in adolescents it was associated with an increased intake of comfort foods and processed meat. Our data highlighted the need to carefully monitor eating behaviors to avoid the establishment of unhealthy eating habits and prevent obesity in children and adolescents during periods of self-isolation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of COVID-19 on the Eating Habits of Children and Adolescents in Italy: A Pilot Survey Study

et al. 2021

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“…We detected a secondary attack rate of 27.3% in our study. In Spain, a survey among health care workers' children found a secondary attack rate of 43.7% [28]. In comparison, studies performed among health care workers' families in Amsterdam and China detected secondary attack rates of 10.98%, 18.8%, and 23.3% [29][30][31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Risk of Secondary Household Transmission of COVID-19 from Health Care Workers in a Hospital in Spain

et al. 2021

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Background: Hospital health care workers are at high risk of developing COVID-19 and transmitting the disease to their family upon returning home; the aim here is to estimate the secondary attack rate of COVID-19 in household contacts of health care workers and their transmission risk factors. Material and Methods: COVID-19 cases in the health care workers of an academic hospital in Pamplona, Spain, from 2 March to 26 May 2020, were followed up. The secondary attack rate (SAR) was estimated from cases in household contacts of index cases and their risk factors by Poisson regression. Results: 89 index cases were studied from 99 notified cases in health care workers (89.0%), excluding secondary cases or those who lived alone. Forty-six secondary cases confirmed by the laboratory were found among 326 household contacts, a secondary attack rate of 14.11% (95% CI 10.75–18.31), and 33 household contacts with acute infection symptoms without microbiologic confirmation 10.12% (95% CI 7.30–13.87). Considering all the cases, the secondary attack rate was 27.3 (95% CI 22.75–32.38). Risk factors were the gender and profession of the index case, the number of people living in the household, and the number of persons per bedroom. When the index case health worker used a single room, it had a protective effect, with an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.493 (95% CI 0.246–0.985); Conclusions: The secondary attack rate found among household contacts of health care workers is high. The preventive isolation of health care workers in individual rooms in their house may reduce the transmission in their families.

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“…SARS-CoV-2 infection is frequently paucisymptomatic or even asymptomatic among children. Not surprisingly, serology-based studies including children have described seroprevalence rates higher than expected among children at risk, such as among children of healthcare workers (HCWs) [7]. However, longitudinal follow-up studies evaluating the dynamics of humoral response in the pediatric population are scarce, although some authors have observed important differences when comparing children and adults in terms of antibody titers [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in a Pediatric Population

et al. 2021

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Background: Antibody dynamics over time after SARS-CoV-2 infection are still unclear, and data regarding children are scarce. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed including children infected by SARS-CoV-2 between March and May 2020. Patients were categorized into 3 groups: children admitted with COVID-19; outpatient children with mild COVID-19; and seropositive children participating in a seroprevalence study among cohabitants of infected healthcare workers (HCWs). Six months after the infection, a new serological control was performed. Results: A total of 58 children were included, 50% male (median age 8.3 [IQR 2.8–13.5] years). The median time between the two serological studies was 186 (IQR 176–192) days, and 86% (48/56) of the children maintained positive IgG six months after the infection. This percentage was 100% in admitted patients and 78% among the rest of the included children (p = 0.022). The diagnoses of lower respiratory tract infection and multisystemic inflammatory syndrome were associated with persistence of IgG (p = 0.035). The children of HCWs in the seroprevalence study lost antibodies more often (p = 0.017). Initial IgG titers of the children who remained positive six months after the infection were significantly higher (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Most children infected by SARS-CoV-2 maintain a positive serological response six months after the infection. Those children who lost their IgG titer were more frequently asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, presenting with low antibody titers after the infection.

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High Rates of SARS-CoV-2 Family Transmission in Children of Healthcare Workers During the First Pandemic Wave in Madrid, Spain

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

The Effects of COVID-19 on the Eating Habits of Children and Adolescents in Italy: A Pilot Survey Study

The Effects of COVID-19 on the Eating Habits of Children and Adolescents in Italy: A Pilot Survey Study

Risk of Secondary Household Transmission of COVID-19 from Health Care Workers in a Hospital in Spain

Long-Term Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in a Pediatric Population

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