High-resolution 3D shallow crustal structure in Long Beach, California: Application of ambient noise tomography on a dense seismic array

Lin, F. C.; Li, Dunzhu; Clayton, Robert W.; Hollis, Dan

doi:10.1190/geo2012-0453.1

Cited by 384 publications

(293 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The array consisted of 5200 sensors that were spaced about 100 m apart and recorded with a sampling frequency of 250 Hz. Figure 1 shows the array configuration and a snapshot of seismic power across the network as measured on Monday, 7 March at 17:36 h. Originally designed for industrial active source imaging, the data have also been studied for passive source seismological purposes [Lin et al, 2013;Schmandt and Clayton, 2013].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The seismic traffic footprint: Tracking trains, aircraft, and cars seismically

Riahi

Gerstoft

2015

Geophysical Research Letters

126

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Although naturally occurring vibrations have proven useful to probe the subsurface, the vibrations caused by traffic have not been explored much. Such data, however, are less sensitive to weather and low visibility compared to some common out‐of‐road traffic sensing systems. We study traffic‐generated seismic noise measured by an array of 5200 geophones that covered a 7 × 10 km area in Long Beach (California, USA) with a receiver spacing of 100 m. This allows us to look into urban vibrations below the resolution of a typical city block. The spatiotemporal structure of the anthropogenic seismic noise intensity reveals the Blue Line Metro train activity, departing and landing aircraft in Long Beach Airport and their acceleration, and gives clues about traffic movement along the I‐405 highway at night. As low‐cost, stand‐alone seismic sensors are becoming more common, these findings indicate that seismic data may be useful for traffic monitoring.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The seismic traffic footprint: Tracking trains, aircraft, and cars seismically

Riahi

Gerstoft

2015

Geophysical Research Letters

126

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“…Recently very dense arrays of seismometers have been placed on top of and around fault zones (Cochran et al 2009;Lin et al 2013;Ben-Zion et al 2015). This data allows seismic noise studies (e.g.…”

Section: M P L I C At I O N S F O R M O D E L L I N G F Z T W Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fault zones contain information on future rupture dynamics including the style of earthquake rupture, slow slip or creep (Peng & Gomberg 2010). These clues can come from numerous sources, including the frictional properties of the principal slip zones (den Hartog et al 2012; FZTWs: anisotropy and gradational velocities 965 resolution of approximately 100 m to depths of 1 km (Lin et al 2013). All of these methods can provide characterization of fault zones in the upper few kilometres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of gradational velocities and anisotropy on fault-zone trapped waves

Gulley

Eccles

Kaipio

et al. 2017

Geophysical Journal International

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“…The limited depth range can be mitigated by recording ambient noise (Okada and Suto, 2003;Lin et al, 2013) where useful frequencies as low as 0.5 Hz can be used to probe deeper than 1 km below the free surface. Acquiring ambient noise seismic data usually requires days or weeks of recording time; however, spatial autocorrelation surveys can sometimes be completed in 20-45 min of recording time.…”

Section: Estimating Depth Versus Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities and pitfalls in surface-wave interpretation

Schuster

Lü

et al. 2017

Interpretation

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CitationSchuster GT, Li J, Lu K, Metwally A, AlTheyab A, et al. (2017) Opportunities and pitfalls in surface-wave interpretation. AbstractMany explorationists think of surface waves as the most damaging noise in land seismic data. Thus, much effort is spent in designing geophone arrays and filtering methods that attenuate these noisy events. It is now becoming apparent that surface waves can be a valuable ally in characterizing the near-surface geology. This review aims to find out how the interpreter can exploit some of the many opportunities available in surface waves recorded in land seismic data. For example, the dispersion curves associated with surface waves can be inverted to give the S-wave velocity tomogram, the common-offset gathers can reveal the presence of near-surface faults or velocity anomalies, and back-scattered surface waves can be migrated to detect the location of near-surface faults. However, the main limitation of surface waves is that they are typically sensitive to S-wave velocity variations no deeper than approximately half to one-third the dominant wavelength. For many exploration surveys, this limits the depth of investigation to be no deeper than approximately 0.5-1.0 km. IntroductionTucker and Yorston (1973) wrote a book titled Pitfalls in Seismic Interpretation that aimed to reveal how processed seismic reflection sections could lead to misinterpretation of the subsurface geology. They summarize the content of their book in their preface: "The geometry or shape of the reflecting surface is equally tricky. It can turn synclines into anticlines, reverse the throw of faults, superimpose one structure on another by sideswipe, and create a diffraction-anticline. Our latest and perhaps most serious pitfall is computer-derived. The recording and playback can distort both the structure and stratigraphy. Here real structures can be suppressed, false bedding created, faults smeared, and all of the geology lost. Only through constant rapport between the geologist, the interpreter, and the processing engineer will these recording and playback errors be avoided."In the spirit of Tucker and Yorston (1973), this paper presents a review on interpreting surface waves in recorded data, not as noise but as signal. It will demonstrate how surface waves can be used to estimate the locations of near-surface S-wave velocity anomalies and their extent in depth. Similar to reflection migration, we show how surface waves can be migrated to estimate the locations of near-surface velocity anomalies. The examples in this paper also reveal some pitfalls leading to misinterpretation of surface waves, and their avoidance by using an integrative interpretation of P-wave velocity tomograms, surface-wave migration images, and S-wave velocity tomograms.

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High-resolution 3D shallow crustal structure in Long Beach, California: Application of ambient noise tomography on a dense seismic array

Cited by 384 publications

References 37 publications

The seismic traffic footprint: Tracking trains, aircraft, and cars seismically

The seismic traffic footprint: Tracking trains, aircraft, and cars seismically

The effect of gradational velocities and anisotropy on fault-zone trapped waves

Opportunities and pitfalls in surface-wave interpretation

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