High-Resolution and Temperature-Insensitive Fiber Optic Refractive Index Sensor Based on Fresnel Reflection Modulated by Fabry–Perot Interference

Zhao, Jia-Rong; Huang, Xuguang; He, Wei-Xin; Chen, Ji-Huan

doi:10.1109/jlt.2010.2065215

Cited by 93 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The second mirror of the FPI is sensitive to external refractive index [17] and is easily destroyed; therefore, the collapsed end of the PCF was spliced to a short length of SMF to protect the FPI, which makes it robust enough for pressure and temperature sensing. The sensors were first placed inside a high-pressure chamber filled with oil.…”

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confidence: 99%

High-pressure and high-temperature characteristics of a Fabry–Perot interferometer based on photonic crystal fiber

Qureshi

et al. 2011

Opt. Lett.

183

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A fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer was constructed by splicing a short length of photonic crystal fiber to a standard single-mode fiber. The photonic crystal fiber functions as a Fabry-Perot cavity and serves as a direct sensing probe without any additional components. Its pressure and temperature responses in the range of 0-40 MPa and 25°C-700°C were experimentally studied. The proposed sensor is easy to fabricate, potentially lowcost, and compact in size, which makes it very attractive for high-pressure and high-temperature sensing applications. . These advantages make them very suitable for deployment in space-limited harsh environments such as turbine engines and power plants and in the oil and gas industry, where pressure and temperature are the two most common measurands [3][4][5][6][7]. Many methods have been developed to fabricate fiberoptic FPIs. These include using conventional hollow-core fiber [3][4][5], chemical etching [7,8], and laser micromachining [9,10]. Recently, FPIs made from hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber [11] and solid-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) [12] by simply cleaving and splicing have been demonstrated as strain and temperature sensors. The former needs a coating film onto the fiber endface, thereby increasing the complexity of the fabrication process. The latter as a temperature sensor is not stable, because the air holes are exposed to external environment [13].In this Letter, we report a fiber-optic FPI constructed by splicing a solid-core PCF to a standard single-mode fiber (SMF), and the other end of the PCF was collapsed with arc discharge using a fusion splicer. The entire fabrication process was performed using a commercially available fusion splicer. The principle of the FPI sensor is also presented here. We experimentally investigated the high-pressure and high-temperature characteristics of the proposed FPI sensor. Measurements of pressure up to 40 MPa and temperature up to 700°C were carried out. The pressure and temperature coefficients of the FPI sensor were measured to be −5:8 pm=MPa and ∼13 pm=°C, respectively. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical analysis. Figure 1(a) illustrates the experimental setup of our measurement. A broadband source (BBS) centered at 1530 nm is used to illuminate the FPI through an optical circulator. The reflection spectrum of the FPI is observed by an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA). Figures 1(b) and 1(c) show the schematic diagram and photograph of the fabricated FPI. A short length of a solid-core PCF (PM-1550-01 by Blaze Photonics) was first spliced to a standard SMF using the technique reported in [14]. Because of the small difference in refractive index between the SMF and the PCF, a mirror with relatively low reflectivity was formed at the fiber interface. The PCF was then cleaved to a length of several millimeters. A second lowreflection mirror at the end of the solid core was formed due to Frésnel reflection. As a result, a relatively weak FPI was constructed with an intensity contrast of ∼6 dB as sh...

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confidence: 99%

High-pressure and high-temperature characteristics of a Fabry–Perot interferometer based on photonic crystal fiber

Qureshi

et al. 2011

Opt. Lett.

183

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“…Fabricating an in-line fiber optic FPI requires the formation of two parallel separated mirrors to partially reflect the lead-in optical signals into different optical paths. To form the mirrors in SMF, numerous techniques have been introduced, such as coating the end of the fiber [22], offset structures [16,95], forming a micro-notch by use of femtosecond lasers [30–32], using chemical etching [34], splicing technology [96], etc. Since the two beams reflected by the mirrors have an optical path difference (OPD), the relative phase difference of the two beams could be described by:

{normalΦ}_{FPI} = \frac{4 π n L}{λ}

where λ is the input wavelength, n is the refractive index (RI) of FPI cavity, and L is the length of the FPI cavity.…”

Section: In-line Fpi Formed In Smfmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Line Fiber Optic Interferometric Sensors in Single-Mode Fibers

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2012

Sensors

133

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In-line fiber optic interferometers have attracted intensive attention for their potential sensing applications in refractive index, temperature, pressure and strain measurement, etc. Typical in-line fiber-optic interferometers are of two types: Fabry-Perot interferometers and core-cladding-mode interferometers. It's known that the in-line fiber optic interferometers based on single-mode fibers can exhibit compact structures, easy fabrication and low cost. In this paper, we review two kinds of typical in-line fiber optic interferometers formed in single-mode fibers fabricated with different post-processing techniques. Also, some recently reported specific technologies for fabricating such fiber optic interferometers are presented.

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“…The former includes fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) [1][2][3][4][5], and long period gratings (LPGs) [6][7][8], in which the resonant wavelengths of gratings depend on RI of external environment due to the mode coupling. While the later includes interference structure such as Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) interferometer [9][10][11] and Fabry-Perot (F-P) interferometer [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%