High resolution capacitance sensor array for real-time monitoring of cell viability

Naviasky, Emily; Datta-Chaudhuri, Timir; Abshire, Pamela

doi:10.1109/iscas.2014.6865215

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The chip is able to sense capacitance changes in the aF range and is immune to saturation of the output signal due to the frequency sensing mechanism. A more detailed description of chip function can be found in references [ 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LTCC Packaged Ring Oscillator Based Sensor for Evaluation of Cell Proliferation

Kilpijärvi

Halonen

Sobociński

et al. 2018

Sensors

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A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chip biosensor was developed for cell viability monitoring based on an array of capacitance sensors utilizing a ring oscillator. The chip was packaged in a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) module with a flip chip bonding technique. A microcontroller operates the chip, while the whole measurement system was controlled by PC. The developed biosensor was applied for measurement of the proliferation stage of adherent cells where the sensor response depends on the ratio between healthy, viable and multiplying cells, which adhere onto the chip surface, and necrotic or apoptotic cells, which detach from the chip surface. This change in cellular adhesion caused a change in the effective permittivity in the vicinity of the sensor element, which was sensed as a change in oscillation frequency of the ring oscillator. The sensor was tested with human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) during cell addition, proliferation and migration, and finally detachment induced by trypsin protease treatment. The difference in sensor response with and without cells was measured as a frequency shift in the scale of 1.1 MHz from the base frequency of 57.2 MHz. Moreover, the number of cells in the sensor vicinity was directly proportional to the frequency shift.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LTCC Packaged Ring Oscillator Based Sensor for Evaluation of Cell Proliferation

Kilpijärvi

Halonen

Sobociński

et al. 2018

Sensors

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“…Capacitance-to-frequency conversion (C2F): This type of capacitive sensors converts sensing capacitances to frequency or period. These sensors utilize the structure of relaxation oscillators (RelO) [ 50 , 51 ] or ring oscillators (RO) [ 23 , 44 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. Parasitic capacitances and temperature and process-dependent parameters of relaxation oscillators can affect the performance of the sensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward High Throughput Core-CBCM CMOS Capacitive Sensors for Life Science Applications: A Novel Current-Mode for High Dynamic Range Circuitry

Forouhi

Dehghani

Ghafar-Zadeh

2018

Sensors

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This paper proposes a novel charge-based Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) capacitive sensor for life science applications. Charge-based capacitance measurement (CBCM) has significantly attracted the attention of researchers for the design and implementation of high-precision CMOS capacitive biosensors. A conventional core-CBCM capacitive sensor consists of a capacitance-to-voltage converter (CVC), followed by a voltage-to-digital converter. In spite of their high accuracy and low complexity, their input dynamic range (IDR) limits the advantages of core-CBCM capacitive sensors for most biological applications, including cellular monitoring. In this paper, after a brief review of core-CBCM capacitive sensors, we address this challenge by proposing a new current-mode core-CBCM design. In this design, we combine CBCM and current-controlled oscillator (CCO) structures to improve the IDR of the capacitive readout circuit. Using a 0.18 μm CMOS process, we demonstrate and discuss the Cadence simulation results to demonstrate the high performance of the proposed circuitry. Based on these results, the proposed circuit offers an IDR ranging from 873 aF to 70 fF with a resolution of about 10 aF. This CMOS capacitive sensor with such a wide IDR can be employed for monitoring cellular and molecular activities that are suitable for biological research and clinical purposes.

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“…Given the abundant state-of-the-art, [1]- [6], capacitive pressure sensors are among the most demanded in the market, thanks to their versatility and the significant performance. From a research viewpoint, the main goal is to improve accuracy, sensitivity and provide a digital output easy to be processed by electronic interfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 130 nm Event-Driven Voltage and Temperature Insensitive Capacitive ROC

Damilano¹,

Crepaldi²,

Ros

et al. 2014

2014 17th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design

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This paper presents an 130 nm event−driven, all−digital, modular and scalable read−out circuit for ca− pacitive sensors, whose operation is not influenced by either variation of the supply voltage or temperature. The sensing element of the ReadOut Circuit (ROC) is a voltage−controlled ring oscillator, designed to make the system robust to voltage and temperature variations with a dedicated calibration implemented to eliminate offset when no pressure is applied. The ring oscillator is used at the same time as a sensor and a clock signal for the entire event− driven unit. This, in turn, enables to further reduce the thermal drift of the measured capacitance. The sensitivity is 10 fF per LSB, considering a nominal sensing capacitance of 1 pF. The 8 bit output is asynchronously made available with a Parallel−In−Serial−Out register (PISO) after the ROC completes a measurement. The simulated average power consumption is 5.94 μW at 1.2 V V DD on 1 ms operation. The small active area (221×79 μm 2 ) and power consumption make the circuit ideal to be replicated in an array in a cyber physical system, as capacitive pressure sensor in Humanoid Robots.

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High resolution capacitance sensor array for real-time monitoring of cell viability

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

LTCC Packaged Ring Oscillator Based Sensor for Evaluation of Cell Proliferation

LTCC Packaged Ring Oscillator Based Sensor for Evaluation of Cell Proliferation

Toward High Throughput Core-CBCM CMOS Capacitive Sensors for Life Science Applications: A Novel Current-Mode for High Dynamic Range Circuitry

A 130 nm Event-Driven Voltage and Temperature Insensitive Capacitive ROC

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