High-resolution Computer Graphics Using C

Angell, Ian O.

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-20759-6

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Hence, increase of (Table IV). Based on the electronic charges of the carbonyl oxygens of the nucleobases, it is clear that out of all the oxygens of the carbonyl groups of the nitrogenous bases of the nucleic acids only the oxygen of cytosine is known to be the most reactive towards protonation [16,17]. It may be mentioned that there has been no report in which the protonated form of the pyrimidine bases studied is a major species in reaction [ 181.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of oxidation of certain pyrimidines by Ce(IV)

Lakshmi¹,

Renganathan²

1996

Int. J. Chem. Kinet.

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The kinetics of the oxidation of certain biologically important pyrimidine bases (Uracil, Thymine, and 6‐Methyluracil) by Ce(IV) in aqueous H2SO4 has been investigated. A first‐order dependence of rate each on [Ce(IV)], [pyrimidine], and an inverse first‐order dependence on [H2SO4] has been observed. Rate and activation parameters for the oxidation of these pyrimidines have been computed. A suitable rate law and a mechanism consistent with the kinetic observations and product analysis have been proposed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of oxidation of certain pyrimidines by Ce(IV)

Lakshmi¹,

Renganathan²

1996

Int. J. Chem. Kinet.

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“…This problem has plagued the field of cryoelectron microscopy for decades and numerous techniques have been developed to suppress the formation of ice lattices in biological specimens. Excellent reviews describing the various methods of cryoprotection and the underlying physicochemical principles are available (Angell & Choi, 1986;Steinbrecht & Zierold, 1987;Echlin, 1992). Here, we concentrate on the principles of Kanno, Speedy & Angell (1975) and Franks (1985)].…”

Section: Principles Of Cryoprotectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macromolecular Cryocrystallography

Garman¹,

Schneider²

1997

J Appl Crystallogr

345

289

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The current techniques for X-ray-diffraction data collection from macromolecular crystals at cryogenic temperatures are reviewed. The development of the experimental methods is outlined and the basic concepts pertaining to radiation damage and cryoprotection are summarized. Emphasis is placed on the practical aspects important to the success of the techniques, and a detailed account of these is presented.

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“…Since this shift requires the displacement of a molecule from a cluster to an intercluster position the excitation is intrinsically diffusive. Thus the intimate connection between relaxation and configurational entropy seen in Fig 2 and almost quantitatively accounted for by the Adam-Gibbs equation (40,41), can be qualitatively understood.…”

Section: Cooperative Clusters Fragility Ideal Glasses and Phase Trmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…T U found to be the same for values of the constants given by experiment on the simplest fragile liquids (17). For liquids like S2CI2, and also Lennard-Jones argon (18), ACp at T G is found to be about 17J/K per mole of heavy atoms, and T U is then 1.59TK which is about 1.27Tg.…”

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confidence: 69%

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The Viscous-Liquid—Glassy-Solid Problem

Angell

1997

ACS Symposium Series

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The different aspects of liquid state behavior currently in focus are classified in terms of their place in the range of relaxation times separating the microscopic (phonon) time from the structural relaxation time at the normal glass transition T g . The place within this scheme of each of the contributions to this symposium is identified. Special attention is given to the crossover between "free diffusion" and "landscape-dominated" regimes. Thermodynamic estimates of the "height of the landscape" are given for strong and fragile liquids and a correspondence is found between the thermodynamic estimate and characteristic temperatures T c of mode coupling theory and T x of Rössler scaling obtained from different analyses of the dynamic properties. Fragile liquids have all their configurational microstates (configurons) packed into a small energy band between kT K and the upper limit at kT u i.e. T u is relatively close to T K . In the landscapedominated regime, clustering occurs. We outline a cooperative cluster model which can generate high fragility and which in extreme cases can provoke a first-order phase transition to the fully clustered state.It is now becoming widely appreciated that systems which slow down with decreasing temperature (or increasing pressure) to the point where internal equilibrium is lost and only solid-like characteristics remain, are very widespread in nature and comprise some very important systems, both in physics and biology. It has further become evident that the problem of adequately describing and accounting for the ergodicity breaking process is a profound one. The contributions to this volume, which records many of the contributions to the challenging symposium on the subject organized by John Fourkas, Udayan Mohanty, Keith Nelson and Daniel Kivelson for the Fall meeting of the ACS, provide a well-rounded description of the key elements of this currently exciting problem area for a particular but very important case of this phenomenology. This is the case in which the elements which "get stuck" in the glassy state are atoms, molecules, or "beads" on a polymer or biopolymer chain.The most challenging aspects of the problem may be thought of as occurring in three very different domains of time. The first (and, to many, die most challenging) concerns the very short time domain in which these condensed systems first resolve the very chaotic motions characteristic of the dense gas and hot liquid states into separable components. The slow and (increasingly) temperature-dependent diffusive modes separate from fast oscillatory modes and the gap in characteristic time scales 14

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High-resolution Computer Graphics Using C

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Kinetics of oxidation of certain pyrimidines by Ce(IV)

Kinetics of oxidation of certain pyrimidines by Ce(IV)

Macromolecular Cryocrystallography

The Viscous-Liquid—Glassy-Solid Problem

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