High-resolution CT analysis of facial struts in trauma: 1. Normal anatomy

Gentry, Lindell R.; Manor, W F; Turski, P A; Strother, C M

doi:10.2214/ajr.140.3.523

Cited by 65 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…10,18,19 Further, Gentry et al 20 and Lee et al 19 have found that the geometry of the facial bones may help absorb much of the impact energy, with the triplanar structures (horizontal, sagittal, and coronal) having evolved to provide effective cushioning against impact forces, protecting the brain. In addition, the face has a greater abundance of soft tissues relative to the cranium and, thus, the former may absorb more energy than does the latter when crushed or stretched by contact surfaces, as explained above.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniofacial Injuries From Slip, Trip, and Fall Accidents of Children

Chang

Tsai

2007

Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection &Amp; Critical Care

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Childhood craniofacial injuries resulting from STs are more prevalent than are those that were sustained in falls; however, the latter is associated with greater trauma morbidity. The incidence of childhood craniofacial injury appears to be associated with the level of development irrespective of event type. The home is a potentially dangerous environment for children, especially during the preschool years. Padding the hard, acutely angled surfaces of housing structures and furniture around children's activity zones is an effective method of reducing the risk of childhood craniofacial trauma. Serious or fatal head injuries will rarely occur as the result of a fall from furniture or stairs at home.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniofacial Injuries From Slip, Trip, and Fall Accidents of Children

Chang

Tsai

2007

Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection &Amp; Critical Care

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“…In addition to carotid artery injury, fractures extending posteriorly into the sphenoid bone and skull base can also affect other foramina, such as the foramen ovale ( Fig. 6b, c), in which CN V3 is located [34].…”

Section: Facial Anatomy and Landmarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial fractures: classification and highlights for a useful report

et al. 2020

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In patients with facial trauma, multidetector computed tomography is the first-choice imaging test because it can detect and characterize even small fractures and their associated complications quickly and accurately. It has helped clinical management and surgical planning, so radiologists must communicate their findings to surgeons effectively. In Le Fort fractures, there is a breach between the pterygoid plates and the posterior maxilla. These fractures are classified in three basic patterns that can be combined and associated with various complications. Conceptualized when low-speed trauma was predominant, the Le Fort classification system has become less relevant giving more importance on maxillary occlusion-bearing segments. The classification of naso-orbito-ethmoid depends on the extent of injury to the attachment of the medial canthal tendon, with possible complications like nasofrontal duct disruption. Displaced fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex often widen the angle of the lateral orbital wall, resulting in increased orbital volume and sometimes in enophthalmos. Severe comminution or angulation can lead to wide surgical exposure. In orbital fractures, entrapment of the inferior rectus muscles can lead to diplopia, so it is important to assess its positioning and morphology. Orbital fractures can also result in injuries to the globe or infraorbital nerve. Frontal sinus fractures that extend through the posterior sinus wall can create a communication with the anterior cranial fossa resulting in leakage of cerebrospinal fluid, intracranial bleeding. It is essential to categorize fracture patterns and highlight features that may affect fracture management in radiology reports of facial trauma.

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“…Accurate description of facial fractures and complications is of paramount importance for surgical planning and appropriate management (8). The facial buttress concept elucidates the structurally meaningful skeletal struts that play a role in facial form and function and helps identify the regions that are likely to require surgical reconstruction (5,(9)(10)(11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum of Critical Imaging Findings in Complex Facial Skeletal Trauma

Winegar¹,

Murillo²,

Tantiwongkosi³

2013

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Multidetector computed tomography (CT) is the modality of choice for the evaluation of facial trauma because it helps accurately identify and characterize fractures and associated complications, thereby aiding timely clinical management and surgical planning. In particular, CT clearly depicts clinically relevant fractures in the eight osseous struts or buttresses that function as an underlying scaffold for facial structures. Information about the involvement of specific facial buttresses in a complex fracture is helpful for determining the type of fracture present and for identifying associated soft-tissue injuries that may require urgent care or surgery. Various kinds of complications can be expected to occur in Le Fort fractures, which affect the full thickness of the pterygoid plates, with resultant dissociation of part or all of the maxilla from the skull base; naso-orbitoethmoid complex fractures, which involve the medial orbital wall, nasal bone, ethmoid sinuses, and, often, the attachment site of the medial canthal tendon; zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures, which disrupt all four zygomatic sutures and may lead to enophthalmos due to increased orbital volume because of angulation of the lateral orbital wall; orbital "blowout" fractures, which may result in extraocular muscle herniation or entrapment and injuries to the globe or the infraorbital nerve; and fractures of the alveolar process, which are treated as open fractures because of their extension through the gingiva to the oral cavity and their resultant vulnerability to infection. Similarly, extension of a frontal sinus fracture through the posterior sinus wall creates a portal to the anterior cranial fossa and may lead to cerebrospinal fluid leakage, intracranial hemorrhage, or intracranial infection.

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High-resolution CT analysis of facial struts in trauma: 1. Normal anatomy

Cited by 65 publications

References 6 publications

Craniofacial Injuries From Slip, Trip, and Fall Accidents of Children

Craniofacial Injuries From Slip, Trip, and Fall Accidents of Children

Facial fractures: classification and highlights for a useful report

Spectrum of Critical Imaging Findings in Complex Facial Skeletal Trauma

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