High-resolution delineation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in a dipping, fractured mudstone: Depth- and strata-dependent spatial variability from rock-core sampling

Goode, Daniel J.; Imbrigiotta, Thomas E.; Lacombe, Pierre J.

doi:10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.10.005

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Organic carbon on fracture surfaces and within the rock matrix (primarily in sedimentary rocks) can further extend the time frame associated with the "back" diffusion because of sorption (Allen-King et al 2002;Huang et al 2003), which can significantly increase the CE mass within the rock matrix. In fractured sedimentary rocks, the matrix porosity can be greater than 10% of the rock volume (Dorsch and Katsube 1999;Bloomfield et al 2001), whereas the fracture porosity may only constitute, at most, a few percent of the rock volume (Zuber and Motyka 1994;Moench 1995) resulting in the majority of the CE retained within the rock matrix (Sterling et al 2005;Goode et al 2014). Injecting remediation amendments usually will cause dramatic decreases of CE concentrations within connected permeable fractures, but will not necessarily achieve thorough biological treatment of both mobile and immobile groundwater (Drew and DeFlaun 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The investigation is conducted in the Lockatong mudstone underlying the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West Trenton, NJ (Figure 1), which is a site of groundwater contamination with TCE (Lacombe 2000). Goode et al (2014) and Tiedeman et al (2017b) used geologic, geophysical, hydraulic, and biogeochemical information to identify groundwater flow paths through permeable fractures and the distribution of CE in the mobile groundwater in fractures and the immobile groundwater in the rock matrix. Investigations of rock core at the site indicate the majority of the CE mass is resident in the rock matrix .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioremediation in Fractured Rock: 2. Mobilization of Chloroethene Compounds from the Rock Matrix

Shapiro¹,

Tiedeman

Imbrigiotta

et al. 2017

Groundwater

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A mass balance is formulated to evaluate the mobilization of chlorinated ethene compounds (CE) from the rock matrix of a fractured mudstone aquifer under pre- and postbioremediation conditions. The analysis relies on a sparse number of monitoring locations and is constrained by a detailed description of the groundwater flow regime. Groundwater flow modeling developed under the site characterization identified groundwater fluxes to formulate the CE mass balance in the rock volume exposed to the injected remediation amendments. Differences in the CE fluxes into and out of the rock volume identify the total CE mobilized from diffusion, desorption, and nonaqueous phase liquid dissolution under pre- and postinjection conditions. The initial CE mass in the rock matrix prior to remediation is estimated using analyses of CE in rock core. The CE mass mobilized per year under preinjection conditions is small relative to the total CE mass in the rock, indicating that current pump-and-treat and natural attenuation conditions are likely to require hundreds of years to achieve groundwater concentrations that meet regulatory guidelines. The postinjection CE mobilization rate increased by approximately an order of magnitude over the 5 years of monitoring after the amendment injection. This rate is likely to decrease and additional remediation applications over several decades would still be needed to reduce CE mass in the rock matrix to levels where groundwater concentrations in fractures achieve regulatory standards.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioremediation in Fractured Rock: 2. Mobilization of Chloroethene Compounds from the Rock Matrix

Shapiro¹,

Tiedeman

Imbrigiotta

et al. 2017

Groundwater

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“…Additional information on contamination at NAWC is given in Lacombe (2000), Lacombe and Burton (2010), and Goode et al (2014). The persistent elevated TCE concentrations are likely caused by dissolution of DNAPL TCE and diffusion of aqueous TCE from the rock matrix to permeable fractures.…”

Section: Highly Weathered Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Matrix porosities can vary from less than 1% to greater than 3% in igneous and metamorphic rocks (Ohlsson and Neretnieks 1995;Wood et al 1996), and can be as high as 40% in sedimentary rocks (Dorsch and Katsube 1999;Bloomfield et al 2001). In sedimentary rock with relatively large matrix porosities, this diffusion can cause the majority of contaminant mass to reside in the rock matrix (Lawrence et al 1990;Sterling et al 2005;Sale et al 2008;Goode et al 2014;NAS 2015). Contaminants diffuse from fractures into the rock matrix when concentrations are higher in the fractures, a condition that commonly occurs prior to remediation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioremediation in Fractured Rock: 1. Modeling to Inform Design, Monitoring, and Expectations

Tiedeman¹,

Shapiro

Hsieh

et al. 2017

Groundwater

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Field characterization of a trichloroethene (TCE) source area in fractured mudstones produced a detailed understanding of the geology, contaminant distribution in fractures and the rock matrix, and hydraulic and transport properties. Groundwater flow and chemical transport modeling that synthesized the field characterization information proved critical for designing bioremediation of the source area. The planned bioremediation involved injecting emulsified vegetable oil and bacteria to enhance the naturally occurring biodegradation of TCE. The flow and transport modeling showed that injection will spread amendments widely over a zone of lower-permeability fractures, with long residence times expected because of small velocities after injection and sorption of emulsified vegetable oil onto solids. Amendments transported out of this zone will be diluted by groundwater flux from other areas, limiting bioremediation effectiveness downgradient. At nearby pumping wells, further dilution is expected to make bioremediation effects undetectable in the pumped water. The results emphasize that in fracture-dominated flow regimes, the extent of injected amendments cannot be conceptualized using simple homogeneous models of groundwater flow commonly adopted to design injections in unconsolidated porous media (e.g., radial diverging or dipole flow regimes). Instead, it is important to synthesize site characterization information using a groundwater flow model that includes discrete features representing high- and low-permeability fractures. This type of model accounts for the highly heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity and groundwater fluxes in fractured-rock aquifers, and facilitates designing injection strategies that target specific volumes of the aquifer and maximize the distribution of amendments over these volumes.

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“…This requires high-resolution data and unbiased samples of the contaminant distribution (as demonstrated by e.g. Parker et al, 2006, Goode et al, 2014. To date most contaminant investigations and monitoring in limestone/chalk and other fractured rock aquifers have been based on water sampling from traditional open boreholes or screened wells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of chlorinated solvent contamination in limestone using innovative FLUTe® technologies in combination with other methods in a line of evidence approach

Broholm

Janniche

Fjordbøge

et al. 2016

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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High-resolution delineation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in a dipping, fractured mudstone: Depth- and strata-dependent spatial variability from rock-core sampling

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Bioremediation in Fractured Rock: 2. Mobilization of Chloroethene Compounds from the Rock Matrix

Bioremediation in Fractured Rock: 2. Mobilization of Chloroethene Compounds from the Rock Matrix

Bioremediation in Fractured Rock: 1. Modeling to Inform Design, Monitoring, and Expectations

Characterization of chlorinated solvent contamination in limestone using innovative FLUTe® technologies in combination with other methods in a line of evidence approach

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