High-resolution electrochemical STM of redox metalloproteins

Abstract

Electrochemical studies of redox active metalloproteins have become an increasingly fruitful area of study in recent years, particularly with the single-molecule resolution capability of electrochemical scanning tunnelling microscopy (EC-STM) which provides both imaging and current-voltage spectroscopy under bipotentiostatic control. In this review, some of the most exciting advances in recent years are outlined, and directions for future research are considered.

Nanoscale Electrochemical Mapping

“…Since its inception, STM has proven to be extremely powerful for studying surface topography and electronic structure down to the atomic level, including in electrochemical environments . The core operating principle of STM involves the approach of an extremely (atomically) sharp metallic tip into close proximity to a conducting sample surface, with a bias applied between the two.…”

In‐Situ Characterization Technologies for Electrocatalytic Reduction nitrate to Ammonia on Copper‐Based Catalysts

“…When the tip of the probe is close enough to the surface of the sample and a potential difference is applied between the probe and the sample, the electrons can cross the energy barrier and travel from one electrode to the other to form a current, which is known as tunneling current. [71,72] Typically, the distance between the tip and the sample is between 0.5~2.0 nm. EC-STM has two test modes: constant current and constant height mode.…”

Charge transport at the protein–electrode interface in the emerging field of BioMolecular Electronics

“…(B) Schematic setup of an electrochemical scanning tunnelling microscope. Reprinted with permission from reference[36]. (C) A solid-state protein ensemble junction, with a conducting probe atomic force microscope used as a gating electrode.…”