High-resolution extrusion printing of Ti3C2-based inks for wearable human motion monitoring and electromagnetic interference shielding

Ghaffarkhah, Ahmadreza; Kamkar, Milad; Dijvejin, Zahra Azimi; Riazi, Hossein; Ghaderi, Saeed; Golovin, Kevin; Soroush, Masoud; Arjmand, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2022.02.003

Cited by 61 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…A linear viscoelastic region (LVE region) was observed for all samples in small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) deformation. In the LVE region, viscoelastic moduli are independent of the applied deformation. − By increasing the silica content, both storage and loss moduli in the LVE region increased, indicating developing more interactions between silica NPs and PEG medium, which is in agreement with frequency sweep results. Moreover, contrary to S3P and S8P suspensions, S2P samples showed a liquid-like behavior below 30 wt % silica NPs loading in the linear region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fumed Silica-Based Suspensions for Shear Thickening Applications: A Full-Scale Rheological Study

2022

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Understanding shear thickening fluids (STFs) is critically important in a broad spectrum of fields ranging from biology to military. STFs are referred to the suspension of solid particles in an inert carrier liquid. Customizing the thickening behavior is vital for obtaining desired properties. Hence, comprehending shear thickening mechanisms is necessary to fully understand the factors affecting the shear thickening response of the STFs. Herein, we systematically investigate the effects of a wide range of parameters, from inherent properties of the constituents, including size and surface chemistry of the suspended particles, to practical conditions such as temperature and shear history, on the shear thickening behavior of fumed silica nanoparticles (NPs)-based suspensions in a polyethylene glycol (PEG) medium. Accordingly, increasing the hydrophobicity of the silica NPs or decreasing the NP size transforms the suspensions from sol to gel. The sol systems exhibit a strong shear thickening response, while shear thinning behavior is prominent in the strong gel systems. Hybridization of different silica NPs is also leveraged to tune the shear thickening behavior. In addition, we showcase the decisive role of operating temperature or shear history on the shear thickening behavior of suspensions. For instance, in terms of the shear history, above a critical value of preshear, the shear thickening behavior occurs at lower shear rates for STFs containing hydrophilic NPs. It is believed that the provided insights in this study can pave the way for developing advanced STFs with prescribed features.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fumed Silica-Based Suspensions for Shear Thickening Applications: A Full-Scale Rheological Study

2022

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“…It is worth mentioning that the tubules' formation and their mechanical integrity stem solely from the rapid GO/POSS interfacial skin formation, rather than the bulk rheology of the suspensions, which is the primary origin of the typical filament formation in direct ink writing/printing of hydrogels. [49][50][51][52] Figure 1d and Video S3 (Supporting Information) clearly show the flowability of the GO suspensions at four different concentrations. Following a recent work by Russell and co-workers [] and for simplicity, we named these structured liquids as "sculpted emulsions."…”

Section: Emulsification and Lsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structured Ultra‐Flyweight Aerogels by Interfacial Complexation: Self‐Assembly Enabling Multiscale Designs

Kamkar

Ghaffarkhah

Ajdary

et al. 2022

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The rapid co‐assembly of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and a surfactant at the oil/water (O/W) interface is harnessed to develop a new class of soft materials comprising continuous, multilayer, interpenetrated, and tubular structures. The process uses a microfluidic approach that enables interfacial complexation of two‐phase systems, herein, termed as “liquid streaming” (LS). LS is demonstrated as a general method to design multifunctional soft materials of specific hierarchical order and morphology, conveniently controlled by the nature of the oil phase and extrusion's injection pressure, print‐head speed, and nozzle diameter. The as‐obtained LS systems can be readily converted into ultra‐flyweight aerogels displaying worm‐like morphologies with multiscale porosities (micro‐ and macro‐scaled). The presence of reduced GO nanosheets in such large surface area systems renders materials with outstanding mechanical compressibility and tailorable electrical activity. This platform for engineering soft materials and solid constructs opens up new horizons toward advanced functionality and tunability, as demonstrated here for ultralight printed conductive circuits and electromagnetic interference shields.

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“…High electrical conductivity and high electron cloud density are prerequisites for the effective screening of EM radiation . Reflection, which originates from the impedance mismatch between air and the absorber, is less favorable as the dominant mechanism due to the secondary interference from reflected waves . In contrast, environmentally favorable absorption shielding occurs when dissipation of incident EMWs through conduction and polarization losses is dominant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greatly Enhanced Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness and Mechanical Properties of Polyaniline-Grafted Ti₃C₂T_x MXene–PVDF Composites

Habibpour

Zarshenas

Zhang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Nowadays, evolutions in wireless telecommunication industries, such as the emergence of complex 5G technology, occur together with massive development in portable electronics and wireless systems. This positive progress has come at the expense of significant electromagnetic interference (EMI) pollution, which requires the development of highly efficient shielding materials with low EM reflection. The manipulation of MXene surface functional groups and, subsequently, incorporation into engineered polymer matrices provide mechanisms to improve the electromechanical performance of conductive polymer composites (CPCs) and create a safe EM environment. Herein, Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanoflakes were first synthesized and then, taking advantage of their abundant surface functional groups, polyaniline (PA) nanofibers were grafted onto the MXene surface via oxidant-free oxidative polymerization at two different MXene to monomer ratios. The electrical conductivity, EMI shielding effectiveness (SE), and mechanical properties of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based CPCs at different nanomaterial loadings were then thoroughly investigated. A very low percolation threshold of 1.8 vol % and outstanding electrical conductivities of 0.23, 0.195, and 0.17 S/cm were obtained at 6.9 vol % loading for PVDF−MXene, PVDF−MX 2 AN 1 , and PVDF−MX 1 AN 1 , respectively. Compared to the pristine MXene composite, surface modification significantly enhanced the EMI SE of the PVDF−MX 2 AN 1 and PVDF−MX 1 AN 1 composites by 19.6 and 32.7%, respectively. The remarkable EMI SE enhancement of the modified nanoflakes was attributed to (i) the intercalation of PA nanofibers between MXene layers, resulting in better nanoflake exfoliation, (ii) a large amount of dipole and interfacial polarization dissipation by constructing capacitor-like structures between nanoflakes and polymer chains, and (iii) augmented EMI attenuation via conducting PA nanofibers. The surface modification of the MXene nanoflakes also enhanced the interfacial interactions between PVDF chains and nanoflakes, which resulted in an improved Young's modulus of the PVDF matrix by about 67 and 46% at 6.9 vol % loading for PVDF−MX 2 AN 1 and PVDF−MX 1 AN 1 composites, respectively.

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High-resolution extrusion printing of Ti3C2-based inks for wearable human motion monitoring and electromagnetic interference shielding

Cited by 61 publications

References 82 publications

Fumed Silica-Based Suspensions for Shear Thickening Applications: A Full-Scale Rheological Study

Fumed Silica-Based Suspensions for Shear Thickening Applications: A Full-Scale Rheological Study

Structured Ultra‐Flyweight Aerogels by Interfacial Complexation: Self‐Assembly Enabling Multiscale Designs

Greatly Enhanced Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness and Mechanical Properties of Polyaniline-Grafted Ti₃C₂T_x MXene–PVDF Composites

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High-resolution extrusion printing of Ti3C2-based inks for wearable human motion monitoring and electromagnetic interference shielding

Cited by 61 publications

References 82 publications

Fumed Silica-Based Suspensions for Shear Thickening Applications: A Full-Scale Rheological Study

Fumed Silica-Based Suspensions for Shear Thickening Applications: A Full-Scale Rheological Study

Structured Ultra‐Flyweight Aerogels by Interfacial Complexation: Self‐Assembly Enabling Multiscale Designs

Greatly Enhanced Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness and Mechanical Properties of Polyaniline-Grafted Ti3C2Tx MXene–PVDF Composites

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Greatly Enhanced Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness and Mechanical Properties of Polyaniline-Grafted Ti₃C₂T_x MXene–PVDF Composites